شناسایی عوامل کلیدی موثر در عدم تحقق پذیری شاخص های توسعه انسانی در نواحی پیراشهری چابهار (مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
درجه علمی: نشریه علمی (وزارت علوم)
آرشیو
چکیده
چابهار به عنوان دورازه توسعه شرق کشور دارای فرصت های اقتصادی متعددی است، ولی متاسفانه پایین ترین رتبه را در شاخص توسعه انسانی را داراست. بر این پژوهش حاضر با هدف شناسایی عوامل کلیدی موثر در عدم تحقق پذیری شاخص های توسعه انسانی در نواحی پیراشهری چابهار انجام شده است. از این رو، نظر هدف، کاربردی و دارای ماهیت تفسیری و تحلیلی و از لحاظ روش در گروه پژوهش کیفی-کمی قرار دارد. به منظور تجزیه و تحلیل اطلاعات از روش تئوری زمینه ای و مدل (F-ARAS)، استفاده شده است. نتایج نشان داد، مقولات (حاشیه شدن چابهار از توسعه، محدودیت در زیرساخت ها و عدم بهره گیری از پتانسیل ها و کشف استعدادها) به عنوان عوامل علی شناسایی شدند، که از بین آنها، حاشیه شدن چابهار از توسعه با مقدار وزن 421/0، بیشترین میزان اهمیت را شامل شد. سپس مقولات (عدم بهره گیری مطلوب از سرمایه اجتماعی، عدم تنوع بخشی اقتصادی و توزیع نامناسب امکانات پزشکی و بهداشتی) به عنوان عوامل زمینه ای شناسایی شدند، که از بین آنها عدم تنوع بخشی اقتصادی با مقدار وزن 419/0، بیشترین میزان اهمیت را شامل شد. در ادامه نیز مقولات مقوله (نبود حکمروایی خوب و رویکرد متمرکز در برنامه های توسعه) به عنوان عوامل مداخله گر شناسایی شدند، که از بین آنها، رویکرد متمرکز در برنامه های توسعه با وزن 425/0، بیشترین میزان اهمیت را شامل شده است. در نهایت، (پیوند صنعت با دانشگاه، توسعه آموزش و توسعه برنامه راهبردی و سرمایه گذاری)، به عنوان راهبردهای موثر در توسعه شاخص های انسانی در نواحی پیراشهری چابهار شناسایی شدند، که از بین آنها توسعه برنامه راهبردی با مقدار وزن 409/0، بیشترین میزان اهمیت را شامل شد.Identifying Key Factors Affecting the Unrealizable Human Development Indicators in the Urban Peripheral Areas of Chabahar
Introduction In the human development approach, development is not limited to the growth of per capita income but is also linked to improvements in other needs of human society, such as healthcare, access to basic living standards, and education. Human development has two dimensions: first, the creation of human capabilities, such as improvements in health, knowledge, and skills, and second, the utilization of these acquired capabilities by individuals to create opportunities, such as active participation in political, social, and cultural spheres. The Human Development Index (HDI) measures the average achievements of countries in economic and social dimensions. In Iran, with nearly 70 years of comprehensive planning encompassing all aspects of human and national life aimed at national growth, there has been a lack of commitment to regional characteristics and needs. This is due to the centralized nature of development, which has led to significant regional imbalances, lack of intersectoral coordination, marginalization of certain areas, and excessive pressure on limited resources in developed regions. Additionally, the massive growth of central cities and inefficiencies in infrastructure networks have further exacerbated these issues. The existing territorial imbalances will pose serious challenges to the country's spatial structure in the future. Hence, Chabahar, as the gateway to the development of eastern Iran and home to the country's only oceanic port, shares a land border with Pakistan and holds economic opportunities in tourism, agriculture, transit, trade, logistics, and the establishment of large-scale industries such as petrochemicals, steel, and mining. Despite this, it unfortunately ranks lowest in the Human Development Index. Therefore, identifying the key factors hindering the realization of human development indicators in Chabahar's peri-urban areas is essential. Accordingly, the researcher in this study seeks to explore the following questions: What are the factors affecting the non-realization of human development indicators in Chabahar's peri-urban areas? Which of these factors are more significant? Methodology This study is applied in purpose and interpretive-analytical in nature, falling under the qualitative-quantitative research category. Grounded theory and the F-ARAS model were used for data analysis. Data collection methods included documentary and library research, interviews, and questionnaires. The statistical population consisted of experts and elites in the fields of urban planning, rural planning, and economics. A purposive sampling method (until reaching theoretical saturation) was employed, resulting in a final sample size of 30 individuals. Results and discussion The results revealed that the causal factors included marginalization of Chabahar from development (with a weight of 0.421 as the most significant factor), infrastructure limitations, and failure to utilize potentials and identify talents. Among the contextual factors, lack of economic diversification (with a weight of 0.419) held the highest importance, alongside ineffective use of social capital and unequal distribution of medical and health facilities. Additionally, centralized approaches in development programs (with a weight of 0.425) were identified as the primary intervening factor, along with lack of good governance. Finally, key strategies for improving human development indicators in Chabahar’s peri-urban areas included strategic development planning (with a weight of 0.409 as the most effective strategy), industry-university collaboration, educational development, and investment. Conclusion The identified consequences must be examined and monitored, as analyzing each can reveal the strengths and weaknesses of human development indicators in the region and guide efforts toward their realization. Therefore, it is concluded that managers in relevant organizations in Chabahar can use the identified factors to assess the gap between the desired and current (undesirable) state of human development indicators in peri-urban areas. Subsequently, they can implement necessary and actionable strategies to achieve development in this region. Funding The peri-urban areas of Chabahar face multidimensional structural challenges in achieving human development indicators, rooted in the complex interplay of economic, social, environmental, and institutional factors. Conflict of Interest Authors declared no conflict of interest. Acknowledgments We are grateful to all the scientific consultants of this paper.
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