بررسی دیدگاه ساکنان محلی از مؤلفه های مؤثر بر سیاست گذاری مدیریت پسماند مناطق روستایی منتخب شهرستان کرمانشاه (مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
درجه علمی: نشریه علمی (وزارت علوم)
آرشیو
چکیده
با توجه به افزایش تولید پسماند و دل نگرانی های حاصل از خسارات اکولوژیکی ناشی از آنها سیاست گذاری مدیریت پسماند اهمیت فوق العاده ای برخوردار شده است. پسماند، محصول جانبی فعالیت های انسانی و شامل انواع پسماندهای خانگی، پزشکی، کشاورزی، صنعتی، تجاری، ویژه و خطرناک است. در سیاست گذاری و مدیریت جامع پسماند جمع آوری و روش های پردازش و دفع پسماند در تعامل با یکدیگر به نحوی مدیریت می گردندکه اهداف سه گانه محیط زیستی، اجتماعی و اقتصادی مطلوب منطقه به دست می آید. بر این اساس، هدف از پژوهش حاضر سیاست گذاری مدیریت پسماندها از دیدگاه مردم محلی در مناطق روستایی منتخب شهرستان کرمانشاه است. پژوهش حاضر از نظر هدف، کاربردی-توسعه ای و از نوع استراتژیک و از نظر ماهیت و روش، توصیفی- تحلیلی و از نوع پیمایشی می باشد که در آن از ابزار پرسشنامه استفاده گردید. جامعه آماری پژوهش شامل سرپرستان خانوارهای روستاهای منتخب می باشدکه شامل 8 روستای برگزیده از 4 دهستان بخش مرکزی کرمانشاه می باشدکه با استفاده از فرمول کوکران حجم نمونه 275 نفر تعیین گردید. بر اساس یافته ها برخی از شاخص های مدیریت پسماند ساکنان محلی با ویژگی های فردی آنان همبستگی معنادار دارد. برپایه یافته های به دست آمده از این پژوهش لزوم توجه به آموزش در زمینه مدیریت پسماند به ساکنان محلی مناطق هدف احساس شد. در نتیجه اجرای سیاست های مبتنی بر مدیریت پسماند موجب بهبود در شرایط مناطق هدف شد که این ضرورت تداوم و توسعه آنها را نشان می دهد. نتایج تحقیق بیانگر این است که پژوهش حاضر سیاست مدیریتی ضعیفی در خصوص پسماندهای منطقه دارد که روستای تکیه سرابله از دهستان میان دربند وضعیت مطلوب تری نسبت به سایر روستاهای منتخب دارد و روستای عمه از دهستان قره سو وضعیت ضعیف تری نسبت به سایر روستاهای منتخب دارد.Analyzing Waste Policy-Making from the Perspective of Local People in the Selected Villages of Kermanshah County
The increase in waste production and the associated ecological concerns have made waste management policy critically important. Waste, a byproduct of human activity, encompasses various types, including household, medical, agricultural, industrial, commercial, and hazardous waste. These diverse waste streams pose significant challenges to public health and environmental sustainability, especially in rural areas where infrastructure may be lacking. Effective waste management requires the integration of collection, processing, and disposal methods to achieve the region's environmental, social, and economic goals. This research aimed to develop a waste management policy informed by the perspectives of local residents in the selected rural areas of Kermanshah, emphasizing community engagement and incorporation of local knowledge. By analyzing residents' attitudes, behaviors, and needs regarding waste management, the study sought to identify practical solutions tailored to the unique characteristics of these communities. The findings were intended to contribute to a more sustainable and effective waste management strategy that not only addressed current challenges, but also anticipated future needs, fostering a healthier environment for all residents. Keywords: Rubbish, Policy-making, Waste Management, Selected Villages of Kermanshah. Introduction In recent decades, the rapid increase in population, industrialization, lifestyle changes, and the growing diversity of human needs have led to a significant rise in waste production, adversely affecting both human health and the environment. Rural areas have likewise encountered various types of waste and their associated negative consequences, paralleling global trends. Consequently, effective waste management has emerged as a crucial response to these challenges. However, the unique characteristics of local lifestyles and socioeconomic conditions in rural areas differ significantly from those in urban settings. Villagers often engage with waste management in ways that reflect their distinct circumstances. As a result, both the types of waste generated and their management strategies vary. Given the escalating waste production and the ecological concerns it raises, waste management policy has become increasingly important. Waste, a byproduct of human activities, encompasses all forms of household, medical, agricultural, industrial, commercial, and hazardous waste. In formulating comprehensive waste management policies, it is essential to ensure that waste collection, processing, and disposal methods are interlinked to achieve the region's environmental, social, and economic objectives. In light of this, the aim of this research was to develop a waste management policy from the perspective of local residents in the selected rural areas of Kermanshah. Materials & Methods This research was strategically developed with a practical purpose and employed a descriptive-analytical methodology. Data collection was conducted through surveys and questionnaires. The statistical population for this study consisted of heads of households from 8 selected villages across 4 rural districts in central Kermanshah. Using Cochran's formula, a sample size of 275 participants was determined. The surveys included questions regarding the types of waste produced, existing waste management practices, awareness of waste management policies, and the perceived effectiveness of these strategies. Participants were also asked to provide insights into their attitudes towards waste management and suggestions for improvement. The data collected were analyzed using statistical software, allowing for both quantitative and qualitative assessments of the findings. Descriptive statistics helped summarize the demographic information of respondents, while inferential statistics were employed to determine correlations between waste management practices and various individual characteristics. Research Findings Certain indicators of waste management among local residents showed a significant correlation with their individual characteristics. The findings of this research highlighted the need for targeted training in waste management for residents in the selected areas. Many participants indicated a lack of awareness regarding proper waste segregation, recycling practices, and the environmental impacts of waste. Consequently, implementing educational programs focusing on these aspects could lead to improved waste management practices in these regions. Villagers reported positive changes in waste collection frequency and the establishment of designated disposal sites, which underscored the importance of their continued development and enhancement. Discussion of Results & Conclusion The results indicated that the current research revealed a weak waste management policy in the region. Notably, the village of Takhe Sarableh from Mian Darband exhibited a better waste management situation compared to other selected villages. This village benefited from more organized waste collection services and higher community engagement in waste management initiatives. In contrast, the village of Amme from Qarasu faced a poorer waste management scenario than the other villages studied. Residents reported issues, such as irregular waste collection, insufficient disposal facilities, and a general lack of community awareness regarding environmental issues. This disparity highlighted the critical need for region-specific policies that took local contexts into account. To address the challenges identified in this research, several recommendations can be made: Community Education: Educational campaigns can be implemented to raise awareness about waste management, recycling, and environmental protection. Workshops and seminars can be organized in collaboration with local NGOs and government bodies. Improved Infrastructure: Investment in waste management infrastructure, including more regular waste collection services and well-maintained disposal sites, can be taken into account. This can help alleviate the issues faced by villages like Amme. Involvement of Local Stakeholders: Participation of local residents in waste management policy-making processes can be encouraged. Engaging communities in decision-making can enhance ownership and commitment to waste management initiatives. Monitoring and Evaluation: A system can be established for monitoring waste management practices and evaluating the effectiveness of implemented policies. Regular assessments can help identify areas for improvement and adjust strategies accordingly. Integration of Traditional Practices: Integration of traditional waste management practices that may be more suited to local contexts can be explored. This can include composting organic waste and using local resources for waste disposal. In conclusion, integration of local perspectives into waste management policy-making is vital for developing effective and sustainable waste management practices. By understanding the unique challenges and opportunities present in Kermanshah's rural communities, policymakers can create tailored strategies that not only address waste management issues, but also foster community engagement and environmental stewardship.
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