تبیین موانع و چالش های توسعه صادرات محصولات کشاورزی در استان آذربایجان شرقی (مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
درجه علمی: نشریه علمی (وزارت علوم)
آرشیو
چکیده
پژوهش حاضر، با هدف تبیین موانع و چالش های توسعه صادرات محصولات کشاورزی در استان آذربایجان شرقی، از نظر هدف، کاربردی و از نظر روش، توصیفی- پیمایشی بوده، گردآوری اطلاعات مورد نیاز از طریق مصاحبه و پرسشنامه صورت گرفت. جامعه آماری تحقیق، در مرحله کیفی، شامل مدیران، کارشناسان و خبرگان و ذی نفعان در زمینه صادرات محصولات کشاورزی استان آذربایجان شرقی بود، به گونه ای که در مرحله مصاحبه، از ده نفر خبره حوزه صادرات برای شناسایی عوامل مؤثر بر توسعه صادرات مصاحبه به عمل آمد و برای تحلیل مدل آماری، از بین جامعه آماری و طبق رابطه محاسباتی کوکران، تعداد 184 نفر به روش تصادفی انتخاب شدند. به منظور تحلیل یافته های تحقیق، از روش معادلات ساختاری با رویکرد حداقل مربعات جزئی استفاده شد. بر اساس یافته های تحلیل اطلاعات، تأثیر عوامل اقتصادی، زیرساختی، بازاریابی، اجتماعی- فرهنگی و فنی- تخصصی بر توسعه صادرات مثبت و معنی دار بود. از این رو، پیشنهادهایی برای بهره برداری مدیران در راستای توسعه صادرات محصولات کشاورزی استان آذربایجان شرقی بدین شرح ارانه شد: در حوزه «عوامل اقتصادی»، اعمال معافیت ها و برقراری مشوق ها و تسهیلات؛ در حوزه «عوامل زیرساختی»، سهولت دسترسی به اعتبارات بانکی، پوشش بیمه ای برای صادرات به کشورهای پرمخاطره (پرریسک)، کیفیت محصول و رعایت استانداردهای بین المللی و حمایت از کنسرسیوم های صادراتی؛ در حوزه «عوامل بازاریابی»، استفاده از شبکه سازی و راهبرد های همکارانه مثل ایجاد کنسرسیوم های صادراتی، حضور در بازارهای خارجی، انجام تحقیقات بازار به منظور ارائه قیمت های رقابتی، شناسایی کانال ها یا همان مسیرهای توزیع و مسیرهای توزیع محلی؛ در حوزه «عوامل اجتماعی- فرهنگی»، آشنایی و آگاهی مدیران از فرصت های بازار و بازارهای هدف و آشنایی با فرهنگ آن کشورها یا جوامع هدف (شناسایی رقبا و سلیقه مصرف کنندگان در بازار هدف)؛ و در نهایت، در حوزه «عوامل فنی- تخصصی»، وجود متخصصان حوزه بازرگانی، استفاده از فناوری های به روز دنیا در استانداردهای تولید، مراکز تجاری پشتیبان در خارج کشور برای برگزاری نمایشگاه های تخصصی و ... .Explaining the Obstacles and Challenges to Developing Agricultural Exports in East Azerbaijan Province of Iran
Introduction: To achieve a dynamic economy, the successful flow of exports is a very effective factor. Every company enters an export market with the aim of developing its activity and creates infrastructure to achieve profitability in that market. In general, the purpose of entering and creating these infrastructures is to operate in a foreign market for several years. In addition to the company itself, the benefits of this action extend to the entire economy of the country of origin. For this reason, the development of exports is directly supported by the policy makers of the countries. Examining the business activity of companies shows that although every year, many companies enter foreign markets, but in less than a year, they stop their business activities for various reasons. Over recent years, East Azerbaijan province of Iran has played an effective role in increasing the country's export income due to its special geographical location as well as suitable economic facilities and potentials. This province has 1,200,000 hectares of agricultural land and about 100,000 hectares of gardens and orchards. The export products of the agricultural sector of East Azerbaijan include greenhouse products, livestock products, leather and hides, and concentrates, and these products are exported to 52 European and Asian countries, including neighboring countries and Russia. According to the statistics and information of Agriculture-Jahad Organization of the Ministry of Agriculture-Jahad (MAJ), in 2023, about 53,503 tons of agricultural products were exported from the province. But despite this issue, due to the involved effective internal and external factors, the export of the province has not yet been able to find its real position. In this research, considering the importance of the subject, the problems and challenges of expanding economic activities in the agricultural production in the province would be identified using a combined (quantitative-qualitative) approach and suitable management solutions would be adopted. Therefore, the main question of the research included: “What are the obstacles and challenges of developing the export of agricultural products in the East Azerbaijan province?”. Materials and Methods: This research was an applied one in terms of purpose and a descriptive-survey one in terms of method. The required data were mainly collected through interview and questionnaire. The statistical population of the research, in the qualitative stage, included managers, professionals and experts as well as stakeholders in the export of agricultural products of East Azerbaijan province; in addition, in the interview stage, 184 people were randomly selected from among 10 experts in the export expertise to identify factors affecting the development of exports and to analyze the statistical model from among the statistical population and according to Cochran's calculation formula. In order to analyze the study findings, a structural equations technique along with a partial least squares approach were used. Results and Discussion: Based on the findings of data analysis, economic factors with a path coefficient of 0.78, infrastructural factors with a path coefficient of 0.69, marketing factors with a path coefficient of 0.64, socio-cultural factors with a path coefficient of 0.58 and technical-specialized factors with path coefficient of 0.52 had significantly positive effects on the export development. In other words, the data analysis showed that the economic, infrastructure, marketing, socio-cultural, and technical-specialized factors had significantly positive impacts on the export development. Conclusion and Suggestions: In the economic factors, applying exemptions and establishing incentives and facilities and in the infrastructure factors, ease of access to bank credits, insurance coverage for exports to high-risk countries, product quality and compliance with international standards and support for export consortia and also, in the marketing factors, using networking and collaborative strategies such as creating export consortia, presence in foreign markets, conducting market research in order to provide competitive prices, identifying distribution channels and local distribution channels as well as in the socio-cultural factors, managers' familiarity and awareness of market opportunities and target markets and familiarity with the culture of those countries (identifying competitors and consumer tastes in the target market) and finally, in the technical-specialized factors, the presence of experts in the commerce, the use of up-to-date technologies in production standards, supporting commercial centers abroad for holding specialized exhibitions, etc. are suggested to managers to develop the export of agricultural products of East Azerbaijan province. Also, to develop exports, exhibitions of goods and products should be held in a planned and regular manner in different countries, and the possibility of selling products and goods should be realized for exporters and manufacturers. In this regard, a comparative study of the success rate of the country's international specialized exhibitions with other countries can guide the country and the province on the path of progress and increasing the success of the exhibitions.
تبلیغات
