بررسی تطبیقی آثار حبیب محمدی و نقاشان امپرسیونیست (مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
درجه علمی: نشریه علمی (وزارت علوم)
آرشیو
چکیده
امپرسیونیسم مهم ترین پدیده هنر اروپایی در سده نوزدهم و نخستین جنبش نقاشی سبک هاست. اساس شیوه امپرسیونیسم توجه به اثر آنی و تصادفی مناظر، یعنی پرداختن از «بود» به «نمود» است. این سبک، به حقیقت دنباله و نتیجه سبک رئالیسم به شمار می رود. حبیب محمدی ازجمله پیشکسوتان نقاشی مدرن در ایران است. وی از فضاهای شهری، روستایی و طبیعت در ترسیم آثار خود بهره جسته است. در این راستا قرابت و نزدیکی ازلحاظ مبادی فکری و تجسمی، بین آثار حبیب محمدی به عنوان پیشرو نقاشی مدرنِ ایران با سبک کاری نقاشان امپرسیونیست دیده می شود. هدف پژوهش حاضر شناخت تشابه های مؤلفه های نقاشی حبیب محمدی در تطبیق با مؤلفه های آثار نقاشان امپرسیونیست است. ازاین رو پژوهش حاضر با توجه به مؤلفه های مشترک در آثار نقاشان امپرسیونیست و آثار حبیب محمدی در پی پاسخ به این پرسش است که وجوه تشابه و تمایز در آثار حبیب محمدی و نقاشان امپرسیونیست کدم اند و علل این وجوه چیست؟ روش جمع آوری اطلاعات کتابخانه ای، میدانی و شیوه پژوهش آن توصیفی- تحلیلی با رویکرد تطبیقی است. یافته های پژوهش، حاکی از آن است که هر یک از مؤلفه های مشخص شده در عین تفاوت نشان دهنده شباهت زیاد آثار نقاشی حبیب محمدی با برخی از آثار نقاشان امپرسیونیست است. نکته حائز اهمیت در این پژوهش پرداختن مؤلفه های مغفول مانده در آثار حبیب محمدی به عنوان نقاش پیشگام سبک هنر مدرن در عصر معاصر است که بر اندیشه ها و آثار هنرمندان مشهوری چون بهمن محصص بی تأثیر نبوده است.Studying the works of Habib Mohammadi in comparison with the works of impressionist painters
Impressionism was the artistic style of a large group of free-thinking and innovative French painters in the second half of the 19th century, which soon became popular. This method is based on showing the artist's direct perception of ephemeral visions by using decomposed and radiant colors to show the vibrations of sunlight. The basis of this method is to pay attention to the instantaneous and random effect of the scenery, that is, to perceive the moment. In this method, the scholastic principles of precise design, lighting shadow, technical perspective, and balanced and architectural composition are not observed. The core of the Impressionism movement was formed by Monet, Renoir, Cicely, and later a group of young and independent French painters: Morisot joined this group. In Iran, the beginning of this style of painting was noticed by Iranian artists from the Nasrid period onwards. Kamal al-Molk was one of the first to go to Europe to study this art. He spent nearly 4 years in the museums of Florence, Rome and Paris painting the works of painters such as Rembrandt and Tissin and in Paris he met Fontaine Latour and after learning the necessary lessons he returned to Iran. They replaced the Iranian painting style and this is how the modern painting style was opened to Iran. With the expansion of modern painting style, it was recognized as an art style in Iran and also with Seyyed Mohammad Habib Mohammadi's trip to Baku and Tsarist Russia with his family and studying in the universities of that empire. Habib Mohammadi is the master of his work. He studied this art in the field of sculpture under the supervision of famous artists. Even though Habib Mohammadi has been nicknamed the "forgotten painter", he is still called with indescribable respect and passion in Gilan, and he was even called "the father of modern painting in Iran and Gilan". The basis of the Impressionism method is to pay attention to the immediate and random effects of landscapes, that is, to deal with "being" to "appearance". In terms of intellectual principles, it is considered to be the continuation and result of the style of realism, and the impressionist painters maintained the same opinion. According to the investigations and the mentioned features, the similarity of Habib Mohammadi's paintings with the working style of impressionist painters is quite evident. The aim of the current research is to know the similarities of the components of Mohammadi's painting in comparison and comparison with the components of the works of impressionist painters. And through this study, it becomes clear that the application of the components of the works of impressionist painters has the necessary precision to introduce the characteristics of Habib Mohammadi's works or not. In order to achieve the goals of the upcoming article, the aspects of similarities and differences of the concept and visual structure of the impressionism style in the works of impressionist painters and the works of Habib Mohammadi have been evaluated. The research method in this article is descriptive-analytical with a comparative approach and the use of library sources and field interviews with Aydin Aghdashlou and Hossein Mahjoubi as students and fellow citizens of Habib Mohammadi in order to get to know more about their point of view by using them and the concept of impressionism and how to show light and The shadow and the momentary moment have been evaluated in the works of impressionist painters and Habib Mohammadi's paintings. The results of the present research also indicate that Habib Mohammadi's paintings have many similarities with some of the famous impressionist painters, in addition to cultural and geographical differences, which Habib Mohammadi's works have not been studied from this point of view. The results of the investigations carried out in the current research show that the characteristics of the impressionism style in the paintings of Habib Mohammadi and the works of impressionist painters are not completely the same, and despite the differences, they have many similarities and common elements such as light, shadow, movement, volume, Color, the recording of fleeting moments and most of the elements of the impressionism style can be seen in the paintings of Habib Mohammadi and the works of impressionist painters, and in some of the works they match. The paintings of Habib Mohammadi are based on Eastern philosophy and thought. , Iranian and native culture created, has differences from the works of impressionist painters that were created based on European philosophy and thought. Among these differences in the way of covering the clothes and the event and the subjects and the geographical range of the place of residence discussed in the works of the painters of two thoughts, which is quite evident. The mentioned reasons are the difference and similarities between the works of impressionist painters and the works of Habib Mohammadi. A significant point that has been overlooked by other researchers and has not been mentioned is the great similarity of Habib Mohammadi's works with the elements of impressionist painters, which is evident in some of the works that are completely elements of impressionism style painting.
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