چکیده

المعرّی شاعر - فیلسوفِ سوریه زمانِ خلافت فاطمی و همواره از مهم ترین افرادی است که در روندِ گمشده از اصطلاحاً افرادِ "اشراقی" چنانچه تا امروز می بایست والامقام باشد نیست که علاوه بر اینها که او تقدیری در خور می خواست اتفاقاً بسیاری بر او دشنام و از هنرمند بودنش به بد بودنش یاد می کنند که رفته رفته با آنکه در پِیِ کشفِ ایده هایی نو بودیم ما را به کانونی جدید رسانید تا با بازخوانیِ آثارش در این دوران معاصر هم بتوانیم ایشان را به جایگاهی مناسب برگردانده و هم بر نگاهِ دینی ما قوّتی شود که البته وقتی فکر می کردیم اینها همه فقط از نیرو و خواستِ ما بود؟ لیکن به مرور متوجه شدیم تمامِ آنچه می خواستیم بَسا در رساله ای به اسم غفران از خودِ ایشان موجود بوده که البته به سَببِ همین کم لطفی ها گویا نامش از غفران اکنون به غفلت پسندیده تر است. علاوه بر اینها برای آنکه این پژوهش فارغِ بحثِ تاریخ مصرف گرایی گردد در حد توانمان مناسباتی میان دیدگاه خود و رویکردِ سفر قهرمان از آقای جوزف کمبل را جویا شدیم که وقتی این مقاله خاتمه یافت بَسا خودش همچون اثری هنری که حالا بر حق هم شده بتواند با فرمی روح وار به آینده نیز ورود کند. منابعِ ما در اینجا میدانی - کتابخانه ای هر دو را مهیاست و با دیدی شهودی و توصیفی - تحلیلی حرکت داریم که الزاماً وجه کیفی - کاربردی هم نیازش است. فرجام، خرسندیم اگر خلاقیتی را افزایش داده و یکی دیگر از هنرمندانِ اهلِ مَعرفت را از اِتهامات بی اساس، مُبرا سازیم.

Morphological analysis of the place of the soul of art in enlightened thinking ((a case study of Risalat al-Ghufran treatise by al-Ma'arri)) based on the approach of levels of heroic journey by Joseph Campbell

Background and Introduction: Al-Ma’arri, the blind poet of the Fatimid Caliphate in Egypt and author of numerous works, remains one of the most prominent literary figures in the Islamic world. When we examine his writings-centuries after their creation-and study how others have interpreted them, we discover that the core driving force behind his work is a profound humanistic vision. Despite facing harsh criticism during his lifetime, often being labeled as eccentric or isolated, his writings consistently reflect themes such as universal love, humanity, vegetarianism, and a critical view of organized religion. These values, though controversial in his time, are now recognized as deeply philosophical and progressive. To ground our research in a clear and solid example, we focus on translating and analyzing his seminal work, Risālat al-Ghufrān (The Epistle of Forgiveness), to shed new light on his intellectual legacy.Research Objective: Our aim is to explore the genius of Al-Ma’arri and demonstrate, through intuitive and philosophical analysis, how his worldview aligns with the principles of Ishraqi (Illuminationist) thought. By introducing this perspective, we hope to present a richer, more nuanced understanding of his imagination and to inspire deeper appreciation of similar visionary figures. Ultimately, this research contributes to a broader national and global revaluation of classical thinkers who offer enduring insight into the human condition.Methodology: This study adopts a descriptive-analytical approach, with a particular focus on Joseph Campbell’s “Hero’s Journey” framework. While Campbell’s model emphasizes symbolic and external elements of the hero’s path, we apply it to delve into the inner dimension of Al-Ma’arri’s intellectual and spiritual journey. Accordingly, our methodology is both qualitative and practical, aimed at presenting Al-Ma’arri not as a controversial or fraudulent figure, but as a legitimate visionary whose work deserves scholarly attention and reinterpretation.Key Findings: Our research reveals that Al-Ma’arri represents a truly enlightened individual who blends intuition with intellectual rigor. Through a renewed and original reading of The Epistle of Forgiveness, we identify multiple paths to salvation that transcend historical and religious boundaries. His work anticipates modern humanistic concerns, presenting a philosophy that is both timeless and radically inclusive.Conclusion: In conclusion, by dispelling myths and clarifying misconceptions surrounding Al-Ma’arri, we align him with other mystical-philosophical figures such as Suhrawardi and Dhul-Nun al-Misri. Their collective contributions point to the possibility of reaching a state of illumination (eshraghism), through which art and literature are no longer understood superficially, but as profound expressions of epistemology and the soul. Such a perspective not only enriches our understanding of artistic traditions but also elevates the spiritual and philosophical dimensions of culture.

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