درنگی بر نوادرِ لغات و اصطلاحات قهرمان نامۀ ابوطاهر طرسوسی (مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
درجه علمی: نشریه علمی (وزارت علوم)
آرشیو
چکیده
در یکی از نسخه هایِ فارسیِ قهرمان نامه طرسوسی نوادر لغات و اصطلاحاتی دیده می شود که نمونه مشابه آن را در دیگر متون زبان و ادب فارسی به سختی می توان پیدا کرد. این نسخه خطّی محفوظ در کتابخانه ملّیِ ایران بوده و کتابتِ آن در اوایلِ قرن سیزدهم قمری انجام گرفته است. نوادر لغات و اصطلاحاتِ این نسخه از چند منظر قابل توجّه است؛ نخست، به دلیلِ تحریرهای متفاوتی که از قهرمان نامه طرسوسی در دست است، بسیاری از این نوادر در دیگر نسخه هایِ فارسیِ برجای مانده از روایت قهرمان نامه ملاحظه نمی گردد. دوم، در فرهنگ ها یا لغت نامه ها آمده ولی شاهدی برای آن از دیگر متون زبان و ادب فارسی ثبت نشده است. سوم، در فرهنگ ها یا لغت نامه ها مدخل مستقلی برای آن ها ترتیب داده نشده است ولی در دیگر متونِ مصحَّح زبان و ادب فارسی یکی دو نمونه شاهد مثال دارد که به دلیل ناشناختگی و نادر بودنِ لغت یا اصطلاح، مصحّحان درباره معنایِ آن ره به خطا برده اند و یا توضیحِ آنان دقیق و جامع نیست. نگارنده در این مقاله هر یک از این واژگان و اصطلاحات را در مدخلی مستقل آورده است و سپس با ذکر شواهدِ آن در دیگر متون و بررسی آرا و نظریاتِ دیگران، معنایِ پیشنهادیِ خود را به دست داده استA debate on the words and expressions of the Tarsusi's Qahramān-nāmah
In one of the Persian manuscripts of Tarsusi's Qahramān-nāmah, the rare words and terms can be seen, which are hard to find in other texts of the Persian language and literature. This manuscript is preserved in the National Library of Iran and was written in the beginning of the thirteenth lunar century. The rare words and terms in this manuscript is noteworthy from several perspectives. First, due to the different writings of Tarsusi's Qahramān-nāmah, many of these words and terms are not observed in other surviving Persian manuscripts of the narration of Qahramān-nāmah. Second, it is mentioned in dictionaries, but there is no evidence for it from other texts of Persian language and literature. Third, there is no independent entry for them in the dictionaries, but in other Persian language and literature edited texts there are one or two examples that, due to the unfamiliarity and rarity of the word or term, the proofreaders have misunderstood its meaning or their explanation is not accurate and comprehensive. In this article, the author has given each of these words and terms in an independent entry, and then by mentioning its evidence in other texts and examining the opinions of others, he has obtained his proposed meaning. Keywords: Qahramān-nāmah, Abu taher Tarsusi, Lexicography, Dictionary, Folk Literature. Introduction Qahramān-nāmah (the story of the killer hero) is the work of the prominent and famous narrator of the 6th century, Abu taher Tarsusi, which describes the bravery of the Qahramān, the warrior of Hoshang Shah's capital. So far, several copies of the valuable work of Qahramān-nāmah in Persian, Turkish, Uzbek and Kurdish languages have been identified and reached us. Among the remaining Persian Manuscripts of Qahramān-nāmah, only in the preserved manuscript in the National Library of Iran with the number 22799-5 and titled “The Tale of Heroes”, a detailed and almost complete narrative of this work can be found. This manuscript was written on the twelfth of Rabi al-Awl in the year 1205 by a person named Mohammad Baqir. It is true that no manuscript related to the author's lifetime or close to his era has reached us from Qahramān-nāmah, and the only almost complete Persian manuscript of it is six to seven centuries away from the date of the creation of the narrative by Abu taher Tarsusi. However, in this latest manuscript, there are new words and terms that cannot be found in other texts of Persian language and literature, and there is no entry for it in dictionaries. Although some of these rare words have been reflected in other edited texts, they did not have a complete meaning for the editors, and they expressed doubts about its meaning. Therefore, in the continuation of the article, while bringing these evidences and examining them, the author also presents his received and suggested meaning so that it can be used by lexicographers and researchers. Research Methodology In the current research, writing and analysis were mostly done in a library method. Most of the books used in this research are dictionaries and Persian texts in verse and prose. In cases where a word has not been entered in Persian dictionaries or has no evidence in other Persian literary texts, it has been tried to point to the correct and exact meaning of that word by using other evidences in the text of Qahramān-nāmah and a delay in the meaning of the word in the sentence under discussion. Theoretical Framework The main structure of this article is related to Philology and lexicography. After a brief explanation about the history of lexicography and the necessity of creating a comprehensive dictionary in the Persian language, the author has brought the rare words and terms of Qahramān-nāmah and explained each of them in a separate entry with an extensive and detailed explanation. Discussion and Analysis "بگده" (Begdah) in the meaning of “wide and big knife and cleaver” is mentioned several times in this text. It is found from the scroll
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