ضمیر سوم شخص مفرد «ای/ ی» در برخی متون و گویش های ایرانی (مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
درجه علمی: نشریه علمی (وزارت علوم)
آرشیو
چکیده
در طبقات الصوفیه و شیرزاد و گلشاد، گهگاه در جایگاه ضمیر شخصی سوم شخص مفرد، نویسه «ای/ ی» دیده می شود. هدف این پژوهش، شناخت این عنصر زبانی به کمک گویش های ایرانی و قصه های شفاهی ضبط شده از ولایت هرات در کشور افغانستان و استان های خراسان جنوبی، خراسان رضوی و خراسان شمالی در کشور ایران است. به این منظور، با مطالعه دو کتابِ ذکر شده، بررسی منابع مکتوب گویشی و تدقیق در قصه های شفاهی زوایای مختلف این ضمیر مورد بحث و بررسی قرار گرفته است. براین پایه، «ای/ ی» با تلفظ پیشنهادی ē در طبقات الصوفیه ضمیر با نقش نهاد و مضاف الیه و در کتاب شیرزاد و گلشاد ضمیر با نقش مضاف الیه است. این ضمیر، با صورت های آوایی -ē˃-e، id، it، ay، hi وi در هرات، یَغناب در کشور تاجیکستان، جمهوری آذربایجان و استان های خراسان جنوبی، خراسان رضوی، خراسان شمالی، اصفهان، فارس و هرمزگان در نقش های مختلف دستوری به کارمی رود. در این میان، تلفظِ i پرکاربردترین است و در شمال شرق خراسان جنوبی و جنوب شرق خراسان رضوی بیش تر از سایر مناطق به چشم می خورد. به لحاظ دستوری، به جز چند استثنا، -ē˃-e و i اگر هم مرجع با نهاد جمله باشند، در جایگاه مضاف الیه قرار نمی گیرند.Third -person singular pronoun “ای/ ی ” in some Iranian texts and dialects
In the Tabaqat Al- Soufiye , Shirzad, and Golshad, the letter “ای/ ی ” is sometimes seen in the position of the third- person singular pronoun. The research is to identify this linguistic element with the help of Iranian dialects and oral stories recorded from Herat in Afghanistan and South Khorasan, Razavi Khorasan and North Khorasan provinces in Iran. For this purpose, by studying the two mentioned books, examining the written sources of the dialect, different angles of this pronoun have been discussed and investigated. For this basis, “ای/ ی ” with the suggested subjective pronoun of ē, in Tabaqat Al- Soufiye is a pronoun with the role of subject and noun Modifier, and in Shirzad and Golshad, it is a pronoun with the role of noun Modifier. This pronoun, with phonetic forms -ē˃-e, id, it, ay, hi and in Herat, Yaghnob in Tajikistan, Republic of Azerbaijan and the provinces of South Khorasan, Razavi Khorasan, North Khorasan, Isfahan, Fars and Hormozgan in different grammatical roles has been used. Grammatically, except for a few exceptions, -ē˃-e and i are not placed in the noun modifier position if they are co-referent with the subject of the sentence. Keywords:Tabaqat Al- Soufiye , Shirzad and Golshad, third person singular pronoun, dialect, Iranian dialects. Introduction: In recent decades, the necessary fields for research on the Persian language have been prepared more and more. At this time, on one hand, some valuable Persian texts were corrected according to scientific principles and critical and authoritative editions of these works were made available. On the other hand, a number of Iranian dialects were also collected, compiled and documented, and new horizons were opened for conducting useful researches. In Tabaqat al-Sufiya by Khwaja Abdullah Ansari (2007) and Shirzad va Golshad and forty-seven other stories (2021) by an unknown author, the letter “ای/ ی ” is sometimes seen in the position of the third -person singular pronoun. In none of the history of the Persian language and grammar books, there is no explanation for this pronoun. Therefore, in the present study, the utility of this pronoun in the two mentioned texts and some Persian dialects has been carefully discussed and investigated. It is also necessary to state that in today's Iranian Persian, personal pronouns are divided into two groups: attached personal pronouns and detached personal pronouns. Each group also has first person, second person and third person singular and plural. In this period of Persian language, the third person detached pronouns are:'u', 'uy', 'vey', and the third person attached singular pronoun is "-sh" (Abul Ghasemi 2006:116-134) Materials & Methods: This study has been done in a descriptive-analytical manner. In this regard, first of all, the observer witnesses on the use of the pronoun “ای/ ی ”have been extracted in Tabaqat Al- Soufiye, Shirzad va Golshad. Then, the phonetic forms and their grammatical roles in some Iranian dialects are explained by citing many evidences. The dialectal data used in this article was provided through the investigation of dialectal written sources and listening to 1300 oral stories recorded from the cities and villages of Herat province in Afghanistan, South Khorasan, Razavi Khorasan and North Khorasan provinces. As Sadeghi (2020: 12) points out, there are more ancient and dialectal features in Folklore ( tales, myths, legends)compared to everyday speech. Discussion & Result: According to the results of this study, the pronoun under investigation is seen with the suggested pronunciation of ē in Tabaqat Al- Soufiye, with the role of Modifier noun and subject, and in the book of Shirzad va Golshad with the role of Modifier noun. From a dialectal point of view, this pronoun is used with different grammatical roles in a wide geographical area with the phonetic forms -ē˃-e, id, it, ay, hi and i. However, i is definitely the most used and frequent phonetic form. This pronunciation is not seen in the
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