رویکردها و اهداف ژئوپلیتیکی ایران در قفقاز جنوبی (مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
درجه علمی: نشریه علمی (وزارت علوم)
آرشیو
چکیده
دگرگونی های عمیق در ژئوپلیتیک قفقاز جنوبی بعد از فروپاشی اتحاد جماهیر شوروی، موجب تحولات گسترده ای در ساختار سیاسی منطقه شده است. در این بین ایران با توجه به پیوندهای نزدیک تاریخی، فرهنگی و موقعیت جغرافیایی همکاری های سیاسی-اقتصادی خود را با این کشورها گسترش داده است. این منطقه به دلیل اهمیت ژئوپلیتیک خود و مسیر ترانزیتی و دارا بودن منابع انرژی و پیدایش تهدیدات نوین امنیتی در آن، مورد توجه راهبردی ایران قرار گرفته است. امروزه تسلط بر این منطقه به یک معیار مهم قدرت تبدیل شده است. از طرف دیگر فضای آشوب و پیچیدگی منطقه قفقاز جنوبی خود زمینه ساز مداخله مستقیم و غیر مستقیم قدرتها و خود عاملی برای رقابت بین بازیگران گردیده است. قفقاز جنوبی از لحاظ امنیتی خط حائل بین ایران و قدرتهای منطقه ای و جهانی است. لذا هرگونه تهدید و آشوب سبب تهدید امنیت ملی ایران می شود. ایران به دلیل مجاورت با قفقاز جنوبی و جلوگیری از سرایت بحران ها و مناقشات این منطقه به داخل مرزهای خود سیاست خارجی منطقه محور، مبتنی بر راهبردهای مشارکت و بدون دخالت قدرتهای بزرگ را دنبال می کند. هدف ما در این پژوهش بررسی اهداف و رویکردهای ژئوپلیتیک ایران می باشد. به نظر می رسد، با توجه به نقش قدرتهای منطقه ای و فرامنطقه ای در تحولات قفقاز جنوبی یعنی رقابت، تضاد منافع، اهداف متفاوت، همکاری و ائتلاف محورهای مختلفی هستند که باعث تاثیرگذاری بر اهداف و رویکردها و باعث شکل گیری چارچوب های سیاست خارجی ایران در قفقاز جنوبی شده اند. یافته های تحقیق حاکی از این است، که مهم ترین دلیل اهداف و رویکردهای ایران مداخله و نقش آفرینی قدرت های منطقه ای و فرامنطقه ای به واسطه کمک های مالی، اطلاعاتی و حمایت های تسلیحاتی طیف موافق خود می باشد. این عامل باعث رقابت، موضع گیری های متفاوت و نهایتا تشکیل فضای آشوب در قفقاز جنوبی شده است.Iran's geopolitical approaches and goals in the South Caucasus
IntroductionGeopolitics is a product of its time and its definitions have evolved accordingly. Geopolitics is defined as the study of the interrelationships of geography, power, politics and the actions resulting from them. Geopolitics is a study that combines human geography and applied political science, which dates back to the times of Aristotle, Montesquieu and Kant. Geopolitics is the analysis of power competition over land. In many cases, the territories are objectively devoid of economic or strategic usefulness. The credibility that is considered for representations in geopolitical analysis, in turn, causes the expansion of the field of geography. Geopolitics has taken different approaches and definitions with historical periods and with the change of the global geopolitical system. MethodologyThe present research is descriptive-analytical and has both applied and theoretical objectives.The required sources and information for this research have been collected throughdocumentary and library research, utilizing books, scientific articles, and reputable websites(governmental, non-governmental, news agencies, etc.). Results and DiscussionThe Islamic Republic of Iran has always tried to have a balanced policy towards its neighbors and in this direction, it has tried to solve the differences between the parties. Therefore, the issue of Iran's interest in creating peace towards its neighbors is not a new issue and has been on Iran's agenda since the past. If we take the priority of Iran's foreign policy in the region based on security issues, in order to maintain its security and territorial integrity and consequently the security of its surrounding environment, Iran must seek stability in its borders and surrounding countries, if the priority of its policies consider the regional economic interests, economic stability, regional stability is a prerequisite for any extensive economic relations. Iran's view of the South Caucasus region was also a result of these two priorities. ConclusionDue to its geopolitical location, South Caucasus has always been very important for Iran's national security. As a regional power, Iran attaches special importance and priority to the South Caucasus region in its security policy. This policy is based on two realistic and pragmatic factors based on national interests and geopolitical considerations. Iran is trying to create a security structure based on factors such as border security, territorial integrity, national unity, stability and economic development. From Iran's point of view, this region is facing numerous threats and challenges in terms of security, and it is necessary to ensure security and maintain regional stability, the cooperation of all countries in the region without the interference and presence of powers outside the region. The crisis-causing geopolitical factors of the South Caucasus have brought the continuation of tension-causing factors in the region and led to the presence of regional and extra-regional powers in the South Caucasus. For this reason, Iran as an important regional power, considering the possibility of exerting influence in the region, the following factors should be taken into consideration as factors affecting geopolitical goals and approaches: -Caucasus region is considered to be Iran's geopolitical complement and Iran's strategic depth. On the one hand, due to critical points such as Karabagh, which is located next to the geographical borders of Iran, and on the other hand, due to identity reasons, there is a possibility of spreading ethnic conflicts in the northern regions of Iran. -Caucasus is the entry way to European countries and can contribute to the variety of transportation and transit points. Iran is closer to Europe through the South Caucasus borders and can reduce its dependence on Türkiye's communication routes. On the other hand, the Caucasus Ring is the connection between the Black Sea and the Caspian Sea. with Turkey; So that the two countries of Iran and Turkey can improve their hydropolitical relations with each other in Arvandroud and Aras basins with a conciliatory approach. In general, it can be concluded that the process and apparatus of water diplomacy in the hydropolitical relations between Iran and Iraq in the transboundary river basin of Arvandroud since 1847 AD. So far it has been passive. One of the important reasons for this is 1) the continuation of disputes over the ownership of Arvandrod River; 2) Türkiye's indiscriminate dam constructions in the upstream of the basin; 3) decrease in river water quality; 4) Türkiye's instrumental view of water; 5) Intensification of the fine dust crisis in Iran and Iraq; 6) The deviation of the river's path is indicated. FundingThere is no funding support. Authors’ ContributionAll of the author approved the content of the manuscript and agreed on all aspects of the work. Conflict of InterestAuthor declared no conflict of interest. AcknowledgmentsWe are grateful to all the scientific consultants of this paper.
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