مقایسه «افسانه» نیما و «دو مرغ بهشتی» شهریار بر اساس نظریه اضطراب تأثیر «هارولد بلوم»
آرشیو
چکیده
«اضطراب تأثیر» نظریه ای است درباره تأثیر شاعرانه، که نخستین بار هارولد بلوم با بهره گیری از مفاهیم روانشناسی فروید، آن را بیان کرد. او در دو کتاب خود «اضطراب تأثیر» و «نقشه بدخوانی» مهم ترین عامل خلق آثار ادبی را روابط خانوادگی بین متن ها می داند. از نگاه بلوم، بینامتنیت، میدان نبرد ادیپی میان شاعر متأخر با شاعران متقدم است. به طوری که شاعر متأخر تلاش می کند تا از طریق بدخوانی خلاقِ آثار پیشینیان از اضطراب تأثیر آنها رهایی یافته و شعری اصیل بیافریند. در این پژوهش شعر «دو مرغ بهشتی» شهریار که تحت تأثیر منظومه «افسانه» نیما سروده شده است، به عنوان اثر متأخر مورد بررسی قرار گرفته و به این پرسش پاسخ داده شده است که؛ شهریار به عنوان شاعر دیرآمده با بهره گیری از چه شیوه هایی در صدد رهایی از اضطراب تأثیر نیما یوشیج برآمده و تا چه میزان در این نبرد ادیپی موفق بوده است؟ به این منظور، اشعار نیما و شهریار در سه قلمرو زبانی، ادبی و فکری بررسی شد. سپس گام های شهریار برای رهایی از سلطه نفوذ نیما تحلیل شده است. نتیجه آن که می توان گفت؛ شهریار در «دو مرغ بهشتی» به توصیه های نیما در سرودن شعر نو توجه داشته است، اما در سه قلمرو زبانی، ادبی و فکری با بهره مندی از نبوغ خاص خود در استفاده از زبان ساده و روان، مفاهیم عرفانی اشعار کهن فارسی، فنون ادبی سبک عراقی و استفاده از مکتب رمانتیسم در توصیف طبیعت، به خوبی توانسته از سایه نفوذ نیما یوشیج و اضطراب تأثیر او رهایی یافته و شعر اصیل خود را بسراید.Comparing Nimas "Legend" and Shahriars "Two Birds of Paradise" Based on Harold Bloom's Theory of Affective Anxiety
IntroductionHarold Bloom's theory of influence anxiety examines how later poets influence earlier poets, and based on this, poets attempt to reproduce and reinterpret the ideas of earlier poets by using creative misreading. This research examines Mohammad Hossein Shahriar's influence on Nima Yushij in composing the poem "Two Birds of Paradise" and seeks to answer questions that include the areas of Nimas influence on Shahriar, Shahriars methods of relieving himself from the anxiety of Nimas influence, and the extent of his success in creating originality in his works. The main goal of this research is to analyze and compare the two works "Legend" and "Two Birds of Paradise", emphasizing Shahriar's influence on Nima and his ability to create different poetry. Research Methodology This research has been conducted using a descriptive-analytical method and library resources. In this method, the poem "Two Birds of Paradise" as a later work of Shahriar has been examined and an attempt has been made to answer the question of how Shahriar sought to escape from the anxiety of Nima's influence and to what extent he was successful in this Oedipal battle. Nima and Shahriars poems have been analyzed and examined in three linguistic, literary and intellectual realms, and the stages of Shahriar's liberation from Nima's domination have been analyzed. DiscussMohammad Hossein Shahriar has created valuable works with his deep familiarity with Persian literature and influence from great poets. The poem "Two Birds of Paradise" is clearly influenced by Nimas "Legend", but it differs from Shahriars emotions and simple language, which is far from the complexities of words and meanings. An examination of the poetic forms shows that Shahriar has made good use of Nima's suggestions in terms of structure and music. While Nima deals with a surreal and eerie atmosphere, Shahriar composes clear and fluent poetry using simple, colloquial language. Using his powerful imagination and expressive power, he has been able to create profound and timeless works. "Two Birds of Paradise" also portrays a mystical atmosphere by using mystical symbols and an immaterial space. In this poem, Shahriar, with his narrative and lyrical language, surpasses "legend" in some cases and creates a mystical and poetic atmosphere with vivid and pleasant images. conclusionAccording to Bloom's theory of anxiety of influence, the dialectical relationship of the later poet with the earlier texts can be examined, especially in Shahriars poetry. Shahriar is clearly influenced by Nima in "Two Birds of Paradise", but he has opened new horizons in his poetry by utilizing his artistic genius. In the first step, he praises Nima and then, distancing himself from Nimas linguistic norms, composes a poem with his own simple and unique language. In this way, Shahriar not only does not deny Nima, but by accepting his innovations, he brings new experiences to the field of poetry and marks a new chapter in his literary life, which shows that Shahriars works, despite being influenced by Nima, have obvious differences from his own and Nimas previous poems, and with these new experiences, he emerges in literature with a different face.
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