ثلاثية الكلاسيم والسيميم والميتاسيميم في تشكيل الخطاب السردي على ضوء نظرية جوزيف كورتيس في قصيدة حلم من ماء للشاعر أديب كمال الدين (مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
درجه علمی: نشریه علمی (وزارت علوم)
آرشیو
چکیده
الخطاب فی شتى حالاته، ما هو إلّا کلاماً موجهاً من السارد إلى المتلقی، ویراد به إیصال فکره ما أو تعبیراً خاصاً أو غایه من التأثیر أو التنویر؛ لذلک یقترح المنظر الفرنسی، جوزیف کورتیس، لابدیه تفکیک العناصر المتمظهره من ذلک النص، حتى یتمکن المتلقی من استلهام تلک الماورائیات المبهره، وتکهن نتائجه الخصبه، ویقدم سداسیه، تنقسم ثلاثه منها على المستوى المتمظهر، والأخرى فی المستوى العمیق. الثلاثیه الأولى تضم عناصر معنونه ب (السیم المتغیر، السیم النووی، والکسیم)، وهی تدرس جانبه الشکلی وفی وحداته الصغرى من الکلمه إلى الجمله. وأما الثلاثیه الثانیه، فهی تشمل العناصر العمیقه التی اصطلح بها (الکلاسیم، السیمیم، والمیتاسیمیم)، ومنها یعتلی النص من حالته الظاهریه، وینتقل إلى کونه خطابًا سردیاً ذا مغزى؛ لذلک اختار هذا البحث من خلال المنهج الوصفی التحلیلی، دراسه هذا الفصل من النظریه الکورتیسیه، وشرحها على قصیده حلم من ماء، للشاعر أدیب کمال الدین. فی الثلاثیه الأولى ضمن عملیه التقطیع، تقسمت القصیده من وحداتها السیمیه الصغرى التی تشمل السیم المتغیر والسیم النووی، والمنتج منها کان کل سطر هو صوره لکسیمیه معینه تحمل رساله معینه. ومن مجموعه هذه اللکسیمات، تشکلت مقاطع القصیده المختلفه. وعند التطبیق حسب الثلاثیه الثانیه، کان کل مقطع منها الذی یحتوی على مجموعه من اللکسیمات، هو یمثّل کلاسیماً ینص عن مفهوما سیاقیاً أکبر من تلک الوحدات الصوریه، وأکمل مفهوما منها، إلى أن تکونت القصیده من تلک التولیفات، وصارت نصاً خطابیاً کاملاً یحتوى على سمیمیات ومیتاسیمات، یتمنطق من خلالها الشاعر على کونها حروفیات عرفانیه ماورائیه. وهکذا، تبیّنت خطابیه کورتیس المقصوده، کیف تتجسد على القصیده السردیه، وما تسمیه أرکانها حسب المصطلحات؟Trinity (Classem, Sememe, and Metasememe) in the Structure of Narrative Discourse Based on the Theory of Joseph Curtes in the Ode "Holom Men Ma'a" by Adeeb Kamal Al-Deen
Discourse in all its states is nothing but speech directed from the narrator to the reader, and its purpose is to convey an idea or a specific message or to influence and enlighten. That's why, Joseph Curtes, a French theorist, suggests breaking up the elements that compose the text so that the reader can look beyond its beauty and guess its rich meanings. Therefore, it introduces six rules, one of which studies the surface level, and the second studies the deep level of the text. The first triple category includes elements such as (seme, seme nucleaire, and lexeme) and their work is to examine the appearance of the smallest element that makes up the text, which starts from the word. The second triptych includes the elements of in-text sound, which he refers to with terms (Classeme, sememe, and metaseme). Here, the text goes beyond its appearance and becomes a meaningful narrative discourse. For this purpose, the present study, using the descriptive-analytical method, selects the ode "Holom men Ma'a" from the seventh poetry collection of Adeeb Kamal Al-Deen to explain this part of Curtes's theory. By implementing the first triad of this theory, the poem was divided into smaller symbolic units, including variable words, core words, and images resulting from their coming together. As a result, each line is a lexeme or a meaningful image for itself, which can have a special message. Different paragraphs are formed from the set of lines or images. In the second tripartite division, those paragraphs provided a larger and more complete conceptual message. Due to these combinations, the ode has become a discourse text, where the poet expresses meta-meanings through this symbolic discourse text.
Semiotics began its advanced work when it borrowed the main idea from modern linguistics and turned it into one of its new approaches. This approach required semiotics to analyze its internal system through the shape and surface of the text. It speaks about the deep level of the text by revealing its structural elements. Therefore, the theorist Joseph Curtis tried to explain that the form of the text is the way to reach its meaning, which is made through the game of difference and opposition. This occurs through the identification of nuclear features and the classical combination of its phenotypic elements. Then, semiotic distribution and access to parasemiotics, and after that the complete discourse group is formed. This research aims to explain what Joseph Curtis intends to achieve in his semiotic triple theory, and this is through the poem "Holom men Ma'a" as an example. It was selected from the seventh collection of the Iraqi poet Adeeb Kamal Al-Deen, which was published in 2013. According to the descriptive-analytical approach, the study tries to explain the results of theoretical and practical integration to achieve the desired embodied meaning. It aims to answer the following two research questions:
How are the semiotic elements formed by Joseph Curtis in his trilogies (seme, seme nucleaire, lexeme) and (classeme, semmime, and semmimes) in the poem Holom men Ma'a by the poet Adeeb Kamal Al-Deen?
According to the theory of Joseph Curtis, what are the semiotic elements that make an ode become a purposeful discourse text?
In some cases, the poet Adib Kamaluddin was contacted through Facebook and email to follow up on research work. Among the semiotic theories, Joseph Curtis's theory has not been used at all in Arabic and Persian studies. It was only in the translation of his books that we came across a brief description of this theory. Therefore, by carefully studying the books translated into Arabic by this theoretician, interesting paths were found in the theory of semiotics, which have not been worked on in other theories.
In this theory, we will get acquainted with different and almost new terms, each of which will be indicative of an element that makes up the purposeful discourse text. First, the text will be divided into the following three smaller elements due to the equation that Joseph Curtis's theory puts forward:
The First Three Elements (Seme, Seme Nucleaire, and Lexeme):
Seme: It is the smallest component of the sentence, which is also called variable seme;
seme nucleaire: This element is also one of the components of the sentence, but it is considered the main element and core;
Lexeme: This element is the semantic element of the sentence, it is not mentioned in the sentence, but it is created by the combination of two other elements.
The Three Elements of Discourse (Classeme, Semmime, and Semmimes):
Classeme: This term actually results from the connection of related meanings and interpretations, and in short, is related to the images resulting from the connection of sentences.
Semmime: It is a composite result, for which we must have a coordinated and purposeful text, in short, we must have a text whose attacks have been put together with a specific purpose.
Semmimes: This final element is actually the purpose of the text and discourse analysis, which delivers the specific message of that text to the reader.
Based on the dividing process carried out by this study, it was concluded that:
Each word in the ode was a small element, from the connection with other elements including fixed elements and variable elements. This harmony was the result of the emergence of a meaning and concept. From the arrangement of the sentences together, this image and concept became both wider and more precise until these sentences turned into several paragraphs, which, however, made the meaning and concept more complete and understandable.
Due to the second set of elements of the theory, it was found that an ode can be an independent discourse text for itself, and it can also be considered an effective axis with complete and precise meaning.
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