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۶۳

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     بانوی نقاش معاصر آمریکایی، آندره آ کوچ، که با نمادگرایی و نوعی رئالیسم جادویی شناخته شده است؛ غالبا با نقاشی های روایت گونه و داستانی به ترسیم خاطرات، مفاهیم و دغدغه های ذهنی خویش می پردازد. عنصر اصلی آثار وی زنانی هستند که با یکدیگر و همچنین با دیگر عناصر غیرانسانی در تعامل هستند. کوچ در کنار این زنان به کرات به بازنمایی طبیعت سرزمین مادری خویش چون مزارع ، دشت ها ، حیوانات و پرندگان  از جمله کلاغ  بنحوی نمادین در آثارش بویژه نقاشی مهمانی عصرانه پرداخته است. این پژوهش بر آن بوده است که با بهره گیری از مراتب سه گانه شمایل شناسی اروین پانوفسکی به توصیف پیشاشمایل نگارانه، تحلیل شمایل نگارانه و تفسیر شمایل شناختی نماد کلاغ ، در  این اثر به این پرسش ها پاسخ دهد که معنا و مفهوم و سبقه نماد کلاغ در اثر مهمانی عصرانه آندره آ کوچ چیست؟ و زمینه های فرهنگی، اجتماعی و تاریخی آن کدام است؟ این پژوهش با استفاده از اسناد مکتوب و مشاهده و اینترنتی گردآوری و با بهره گیری از روش توصیفی – تحلیلی انجام شده است. یافته های تحقیق مبین آن است که، کلاغ برخلاف سویه نه چندان مثبت در اقوام مختلف، در اثر مهمانی عصرانه آندره آ کوچ با توجه به نگاه هنرمند که وامدار فرهنگ بومیان سرزمین خویش (سرخپوستان) است، نماد خیر و مثبت و راهنمایی نویدبخش است که انسان را در جهت تغییر و دگرگونی در مسیر شخصی خویش یاری می دهد.

The Iconology of the Raven Symbol in Andrea Kowch's Artwork"Soiree" Based on the Theory of Erwin Panofsky

Andrea Kowch, a contemporary American artist, has gained recognition for her unique style that blends symbolism and a kind of magical realism. Her art often takes on a narrative quality, delving into the realms of memory, personal concepts, and inner reflections. She is particularly known for her ability to create enchanting works of art that convey a profound sense of meaning and emotion. The main element of her works are women who interact with each other as well as with other non-human elements. Along with these women, Andrea Kowch has used the symbols of her native nature. One of the recurring symbols in her art is the raven, a bird that she draws from the natural landscapes of her homeland. In this research, the aim to analyze and interpret the symbolism of the raven in Andrea Kowch's painting titled "Soiree." It will utilize Erwin Panofsky's iconology method, which involves a three-step approach: pre-iconographic description, iconographic analysis, and iconological interpretation. The primary question this research seek to answer is: What is the meaning and significance of the raven as a symbol in Andrea Kowch's works?Firstly, we start with a pre-iconographic description. In "Soiree" the raven is featured prominently, and it is surrounded by various elements that create a sense of intrigue and wonder. The painting invites audiences to contemplate the role of the raven in this context. Nest step is the iconographic analysis. The raven, in the context of this painting, appears as a powerful symbol. It is not merely a bird but rather a representation of something deeper. In many cultures, the raven carries connotations of mystery, magic, and even foreboding. However, in Andrea Kowch's works, the raven takes on a different role. The artist's unique perspective is influenced by her deep connection to the indigenous cultures of her homeland, particularly the Native Americans. For her, the raven symbolizes benevolence, positivity, and guidance. It serves as a guiding light, offering support for personal transformation and change. In the context of "Soiree" the raven is not a harbinger of doom but a beacon of hope and a catalyst for personal growth. Moving on to the final stage, the iconological interpretation, it must be understood that the meaning of the raven in Andrea Kowch's works goes beyond a mere visual representation. It is deeply rooted in her personal experiences, beliefs, and cultural connections and reflects her respect for the natural world and the wisdom of indigenous cultures. In "Soiree" the raven's presence signifies a harmonious relationship with nature and a celebration of the cyclical nature of life. It encourages viewers to embrace change and personal growth, just as the raven symbolizes the artist's own journey of cultural discovery and self-realization.

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