طرد فقرا از شهر مرکزی به نواحی پیرامونی در کلان شهرهای ایران، مطالعه موردی: کلان شهر مشهد و نواحی پیرامونی (مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
درجه علمی: نشریه علمی (وزارت علوم)
آرشیو
چکیده
تحولات شهری در دهه های اخیر به ویژه در کشورهای در حال توسعه، پدیده ای به نام "طرد فقرا از شهر مرکزی به نواحی پیرامونی" را به وجود آورده است. این پدیده که به عنوان یکی از چالش های اساسی شهرسازی مطرح شده، ناشی از وجود بخش هایی از جامعه است که به دلیل شرایط اجتماعی، اقتصادی، فرهنگی و سیاسی، ناتوان در دسترسی به منابع و خدمات اساسی شهری هستند. درک این پدیده نیازمند بررسی دقیقی از تعامل پیچیده بین مورفولوژی شهری، ساختارهای حکومتی و دینامیک های اجتماعی است. در همین راستا هدف این پژوهش تبیین انتقادی طرد فقرا از شهر مرکزی به نواحی پیرامونی در کلان شهرهای ایران مشخصا بر روی نمونه موردی کلان شهر مشهد و نواحی پیرامونی آن است. در این باره، تحلیل اطلاعات با دو رویکرد مصاحبه و بررسی اسناد، با بهره گیری از پارادایم انتقادی و روش تحلیل گفتمان انتقادی، انجام گرفته است. نتایج پژوهش نشان دهنده آن است که فرصت های شغلی محدود، سوداگرایی زمین، نیروهای نامرئی، قیمت مسکن و هزینه های زندگی، قدرت، احساس عدم تعلق، حق به شهر، هویت، تفاوت فرهنگی، تصمیمات بالا به پایین، عدالت اجتماعی، اقتصاد رانتی، سیاست ها و تصمیم ها، توسعه نامتوازن، حمایت غیر رسمی حداقلی و عدم خدمات رسانی مطلوب از محورهای اصلی در این حوزه تلقی می شود.Application of the Critical Paradigm in Explaining the Rejection of the Poor From the Central City to the Peripheral Areas in Iran’s Metropolises; Case Example: Mashhad Metropolis and Surrounding Areas
Urban transformations in recent decades, particularly in developing countries, have intensified the displacement of economically disadvantaged populations from central urban areas to peripheral regions, a phenomenon increasingly recognized as a major challenge in urban planning. This displacement results from multiple, intertwined factors, including social, economic, cultural, and political forces that restrict access to essential resources and services for marginalized segments of society. The issue highlights the widening gap between affluent and impoverished residents, where rising costs, limited employment opportunities, and inadequate infrastructure in central urban spaces render living there unfeasible for lower-income populations. Consequently, they are often forced to relocate to the city periphery, which, although more affordable, is typically underserved in terms of essential services, quality infrastructure, and socioeconomic opportunities.
Understanding this phenomenon requires a comprehensive analysis of the complex interactions among urban morphology, governance, and social dynamics. Urban morphology, which involves the spatial structure and form of cities, significantly affects significantly influences how resources and opportunities are distributed. High demand for housing and rising land values often drive speculative practices , pushing prices beyond the reach of economically disadvantaged groups. Governance structures, on the other hand, play a critical role in shaping urban policies that frequently favor higher-income groups by promoting land-use patterns which prioritize commercial development and upscale housing. Social dynamics, including cultural and identity-based factors, further complicate displacement by fostering environments where such communities face a diminished sense of belonging and lack representation in decision-making processes.
This study examines these issues in the context of Iranian metropolises, with a particular focus on Mashhad and its surrounding areas. To analyze this displacement, we employed a dual approach combining qualitative interviews and document reviews, grounded in a critical paradigm . We utilized critical discourse analysis to interpret the data, enabling a nuanced exploration of the narratives surrounding urban displacement and the factors driving it. Through an analysis of language and discourse in policy documents and interviews, we aimed to uncover the invisible forces and power dynamics that shape urban policies and exclude low-income groups from central urban areas.
Structural and social factors jointly fuel the displacement of economically marginalized groups. Limited job opportunities , high housing prices, and soaring living costs contribute significantly to this issue. Speculative practices and rent-seeking behavior further exacerbate the affordability crisis. Power imbalances and top-down decision-making processes often prevent disadvantaged groups from influencing the policies that directly affect their lives. The "right to the city" becomes a critical issue as marginalized groups are frequently denied equitable access to urban resources and opportunities. Identity-based and cultural differences contribute to exclusion, with individuals from diverse backgrounds often-experiencing subtle forms of exclusion, fostering a sense of alienation in the central urban landscape. This marginalization exacerbates social inequality and gradually undermines the cohesion and resilience of urban communities.
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