بررسی مقوله، کارکرد و معنی حرف ربط «و» در زبان فارسی از دیدگاه فرایند کاهش نشانه ها در معنی شناسی ادراکی با تکیه بر غزلیات سعدی و حافظ (مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
درجه علمی: نشریه علمی (وزارت علوم)
آرشیو
چکیده
نویسه «و» در نظام خط و نظام نوشتاری زبان فارسی دلالت چندگانه دارد. این نویسه در حوزه حرف ربط نماینده دو کلمه «o» و «va» است. در شاخه نحو زبان که موضوع این پژوهش است، این نویسه به عنوان یک عنصر نحوی با هر دو آوای [o] و [va] حضور دارد و تفاوت محسوسی میان مقوله دستوری، کارکرد و معنی آنها در نظام زبان فارسی وجود ندارد. مقاله حاضر ضمن اشاره به تغییرات واژگانی و مفهومی این دو کلمه از منظر درزمانی، کوشیده است تا از دیدگاه کاهش نشانه ها در معنی شناسی ادراکی به توصیف و تحلیل تک معنایی و تک مقولگیِ حرف ربط «و» در نظام زبان فارسی در محدوده پژوهشی غزلیات سعدی و حافظ بپردازد. بررسی این حرف از منظر معنی شناسی ادراکی نشان داد که انواع معانی منتسب به «و»، در سنت مطالعات زبان و ادب فارسی، یا مربوط به واحدهای همنشین است و یا با کاهش واحدهای همنشین از بافت درون زبانی مرتبط است. با چنین رویکردی، حرف ربط «و» جز مقوله دستوری و معنیِ مقوله ای ربط و کارکرد همپایگی، مقوله، معنی و کارکرد دیگری در زبان فارسی ندارد و رعایت این نکته در کاربردشناسی و منظورشناسی این حرف ربط در زبان فارسی و متون ادبی ضروری است.The Study of Category, Function and Meaning of the Conjunction “و” (= "And") in Persian from the Perspective of the Process of Reduction of Signs in Perceptional Semantics Based on the Lyric Poems of Saadi and Hafez
The grapheme “و” in the Persian written system signifies several graphs and linguistic signs. This grapheme signifies both “o” and “va” (=and) in the field of conjunction, and there is no noticeable difference between their grammatical categories, function and meaning in the Persian language system. Pointing to the lexical and conceptual changes of these two words from a diachronic study, this article has tried to prove from the perspective of the reduction process in perceptional semantics that the word “و” has only one linguistic meaning and does not belong to more than one grammatical category. Research corpus is the lyric poems of Saadi and Hafez. Studying this conjunction from the perspective of the process of reducing the signs in perceptional semantics showed that the types of meanings attributed to “و” in the tradition of Persian language and literature studies are related to the meanings of collocating units, or are related to the reduction of companion units in the intra-linguistic context. In this approach, the conjunction “و” does not have any other category, meaning, and function in Persian language; and it is necessary to observe this point in the pragmatic studies related to this conjunction in Persian language and literary texts. Keywords: Conjunction, Category, Function, Grammar, Perceptional Semantics Introduction Materials Persian language, like any other natural language, is a sign system, and the linguistic signs that make up it have a differential existence, and from this perspective, there is no fundamental difference between linguistic units and grammatical realities. Therefore, knowing each linguistic sign (whether lexical or grammatical) requires paying attention to its oppositional relation with other signs of that language. With such a view and according to the literature review, the present research has examined the category, function and meaning of the linguistic sign "و" in the corpus of lyric poems of Saadi and Hafez. The central problem of the research is confronting polysemy of this conjunction in previous researches, and the main question of the research is whether "و" in the Persian language has another meaning and category other than the linguistic meaning and grammatical category of the conjunction or not. In examining this problem and to achieve this goal, firstly, the lexical and conceptual changes of "و" have been studied in paradigmatic axis, and then by examining the "و" in examples of Saadi and Hafez's sonnets, from the perspective of "reduction of signs" in Perceptional semantics, the category, function and meaning of this word have been discussed in the syntagmatic axis of Persian language, and then, from this point of view, a different result has been obtained that is different from the results of previous investigations. Extensive studies have been conducted on the types of the conjunction "و" and the types of meanings attributed to it in the Persian language, but the present article is the first research that has examined this word from the perspective of perceptional semantics. In the dictionary of Sokhon, influenced by previous dictionaries and the researches of the last few decades, the number of meanings of the letter "و" and its types has reached twenty, and some of these twenty types has been called adverb and preposition. Rampuri, Mashkoor, Khayampour, Khatib Rehbar and Farshidvard are grammar writers who have mentioned the meanings of letters and their uses in addition to grammatical topics. Among these grammarians, most of all, the opinions of Khatib Rahbar and Farshidvard have been noticed by subsequent researches in the form of theses and articles. Faqihe Malek-Marzaban (2016), Sayadkoh and Raisi (2015), Taqi-pour (2015), Ahmadi Begdali and Qari (2014) and Ghandomkar (as a semanticist) (2022) are among the notable researchers in this field, who despite their commendable scientific efforts, the frontiers of Grammar, semantics and various branches of rhetorical sciences
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