معرّفی فرهنگِ مصرّحه الأسماء (مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
درجه علمی: نشریه علمی (وزارت علوم)
آرشیو
چکیده
مصرّحه الأسماء فرهنگ دوزبانه عربی به فارسی اثر لطف اللّه بن ابی یوسف حلیمی، فرهنگ نویس و لغت شناس عثمانی تبار قرن نهم و اوایل قرن دهم هجری قمری است. این کتاب که در سال 872 ق تألیف شده است، قریب به 17112 مدخل دارد که با احتساب معادل های ترکی برخی از مدخل های آن – حدود ۷۰۰ مدخل – می توان آن را به نوعی فرهنگ سه زبانه عربی – فارسی – ترکی قلمداد نمود و با توجه به پیدایش این نوع فرهنگ ها در قرن نهم می توان آن را جزو اولین کتاب ها در این زمینه برشمرد. علاوه بر این ویژگی که خود تنوّع زبان تعریف را به همراه دارد، از دیگر وجوه امتیاز این کتاب می توان به این موارد اشاره نمود: ارائه تعریف های جامع و کامل برای برخی از مدخل ها، متمایز از دیگر فرهنگ های مشابه؛ ضبط مشکول برخی معادل های فارسی و گاه ترکی که نمایانگر تلفظ کهن لغات یا لهجه محلی یا ترکی آن هاست؛ استعمال برخی از تلفظ های دیگر و نادر لغات که بیانگر تحولات و دگرگونی های آوایی آن هاست؛ آوردن لغات و ترکیبات شاذ و نادر؛ ضبط واژگان تخصصی طب.Introduction of Mosarrahat ul-asmā’ dictionary
Mosarrahat ul-asmā’ is a bi-lingual dictionary‚ Arabic to Persian‚ written by Lotfullah ebn abi Yousef Halimi‚ ottoman lexicographer and philologist of the ninth and beginning of the tenth century AH (15 century AD). This book written in 872 AH (14۶۶ AD) ‚ has nearly 17112 headwords, considering some of their Turkish equivalents (nearly 1180 headwords), we can somehow call it a tri-lingual Arabic to Persian and Turkish dictionary. Considering to emersion of this kind of dictionaries in the ninth-century‚ we can enumerate Mosarrahat ul-asmā’ as a pioneer in this field.In addition to carrying a variety of definition language, we can mention other features of this book including: presenting a comprehensive and complete definition of some headwords which is distincting from similar dictionaries, recording Arabization (to indicate pronunciation) of some of the Persian and sometimes Turkish equivalents that display outdated pronunciation of words, their local dialect or Turkish dialect, Using some rare and alternative pronunciation of words that represent their phonetic changes, Using rare and compound words, recording specialized medical words. Keywords: Old lexicography‚ Mosarrahat ul-asmā’‚ Lotfullah Halimi‚ linguistic features‚ rare words. Mosarrahat ul-Asmā’ is a bi-lingual Arabic to-Persian dictionary‚ written by Lotfullah ebn abi Yousef Halimi‚ ottoman lexicographer and philologist of the ninth and beginning of the tenth century AH (15 century AD). This book written in 872 AH (1466 AD) ‚ has nearly 17112 headwords, considering some of their Turkish equivalents (nearly 700 headwords), we can somehow call it a tri-lingual Arabic to Persian and Turkish dictionary. Considering this kind of dictionary emersion in the ninth-century‚ we can enumerate Mosarrahat ul-Asmā’ as a pioneer in this field. This book is the result of the authorship of the lexicographer who has written several dictionaries; including Bahr ul-gharā’eb, Loghat-e Halimi, Nesār ul-Malek, and Tohfat ul-Maghaddamat ul-loghat. Undoubtedly his long life, learning various sciences and being in important employment has had a great influence on the expansion of his lexical range, therefore this book is a precious treasure of Persian and Turkish words and combinations, valuable information about their meanings, phonetic, lexical developments and represents the skill of the author in the art of lexicography. This dictionary‚ has nearly 17112 headwords arranged in alphabetical order based on the first and second letters. Considering the type of grammatical words in the Arabic language (Noun, Verb, and Preposition), these headwords are «Nouns». Headwords and their meanings are arranged in this book in the lexicography of the Ottoman land, such that Arabic headwords are written one after another and their meanings are arranged just right below it like a cross. The author has collected these headwords from books including Moghaddamat ul-Adab by Jār ul-llāh-e Zamakhshari and Assāmi fel Asāmi by Abulfath-e Meydāni and he added explanations to them obtained from the books including Assehāh by Jowhari, Jamharat ul-loghat by Ebn-e Dorayd, Mojmal ul-loghat by Ebn-e Fāres, Almerghāt by Adib-e Natanzi, Ghānun-e Adab by Abulfazl-e Habishi, etc. The oldest accessible source which has mentioned Mosarrahat ul-Asmā’ is Anis ul-Fogha-hā by Ghasem ebn-e Abdollāh-e Ghownavi (dead 987 AH). He has introduced Mosarrahat ul-Asmā’ in his work beside famous dictionaries like Al’eyn by Khalil ebn-e Ahmad, Assehāh by Jowhari, Asās ul-Balāghe by Zamakhshari, Almasāder by AbuBakr-e Tanusi, etc, in the introduction chapter of the «Kotob ul-loqat». This dictionary has unique stylistic and lexical features that after correcting and editing, as an old prose text and a reference book can be a suitable context for literary research and lexical references in various areas. The most important features of this book are: «Features of lexicography»: Presenting the new methods of lexicography by comprehensive defi
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