بررسی نقش ظرفیت های شناختی در پیش بینی عملکرد حرکتی ژیمناست های دختر با توجه به اثر فشار روانی (مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
درجه علمی: نشریه علمی (وزارت علوم)
آرشیو
چکیده
هدف از پژوهش حاضر، بررسی نقش ظرفیت های شناختی در پیش بینی عملکرد حرکتی ژیمناست های دختر با توجه به اثر فشار روانی می باشد. بدین منظور 40 ژیمناست دختر ماهر (12-10 سال) شهر تبریز به صورت دردسترس انتخاب شده و عملکرد حرکتی آنها، پس از ارزیابی میزان ظرفیت های شناختی (حافظه کاری، توجه و چرخش ذهنی) دو شرایط فشار روانی (کم فشار و پرفشار) مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. برای ایجاد شرایط پرفشار، عملکرد ژیمناست ها در حضور ارزیاب (دو داور و یک مربی) مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. برای تجزیه و تحلیل داده ها از آمار توصیفی و استنباطی (رگرسیون خطی) استفاده شد. یافته های پژوهش نشان داد که ظرفیت های شناختی (حافظه کاری، توجه و چرخش ذهنی) در شرایط روانی پرفشار می تواند عملکرد ژیمناست ها را پیش بینی کند و مشاهده شد که عملکرد حرکتی ژیمناست ها در شرایط روانی پرفشار کاهش پیدا کرد. پس می توان نتیجه گرفت که ظرفیت های شناختی ممکن است در شرایط روانی پرفشار عملکرد ورزشکاران را تحت تاثیر قرار داده و موفقیت یا شکست ورزشی آنها را موجب شودInvestigating the Role of Cognitive Capacities in Predicting the Motor Performance of Female Gymnasts with regard to the Effect of Psychological Pressure
The purpose of this research is to investigate the role of cognitive capacities in predicting the motor performance of female gymnasts with regard to the effect of psychological pressure. For this purpose, 40 skilled female gymnasts (10-12 years old) from Tabriz city were selected as available method and their motor performance was investigated after evaluating the level of cognitive capacities (working memory, attention and mental rotation) in two conditions of psychological pressure (low pressure and high pressure). To create high-pressure conditions, the performance of gymnasts was examined in the presence of evaluators (two referees and one coach). Descriptive and inferential statistics (linear regression) were used to analyze the data. The findings of the research showed that cognitive capacities (working memory, attention and mental rotation) can predict the performance of gymnasts in stressful psychological conditions and therefore it was observed that the motor performance of gymnasts in stressful psychological conditions decreases. So it can be concluded that cognitive capacities may affect the performance of athletes in stressful psychological conditions and cause their sports success or failure. Keywords: Choking Under Pressure, Sports Performance, Gymnastics, Cognition Introduction: Victory and success in any competition depends on psychological skills besides physical abilities (Alyahyan & Dustegor, 2020). High sports performance requires high cognitive capacities such as attention, decision-making and working memory in order to function at optimal levels in high-stress and high-pressure environments (Walton et al, 2018). Although gymnastics is a non-contact sport, it is a highly traumatic sport that is associated with heavy landings and may cause injuries due to falls and collisions with training equipment (Mohammed Ashour, 2019). Therefore, it can be a source of fear, anxiety and psychological pressure for athletes in this field. This challenging factor can emphasize the feeling of intense psychological pressure to succeed or the embarrassment of a poor performance in a competition and expose the gymnast to a variety of stressful factors. (White, Bennie & McKenna, 2015). It seems appropriate physical and psychological capacities may change the athlete's understanding of the conditions governing training or competitions and affect the athlete's movement performance. In this way, the high level of cognitive capacities in athletes and the mediation of these cognitive or psychological factors through neural and hormonal interactions in the brain and body of the athlete may have caused the athlete to deal optimally with the conditions of anxiety, stress and mental pressure. and guarantee his success to some extent. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to investigate the role of cognitive capacities in predicting the motor performance of female gymnasts with regard to the effect of psychological pressure. Methods & Materials: For this purpose, 40 skilled female gymnasts (10-12 years old) from Tabriz city were selected as available and their motor performance, after evaluating the level of cognitive capacities (working memory, attention and mental rotation) in two conditions of psychological pressure (low pressure and high pressure) were investigated. The executive routine was selected by the trainer and designed to get the maximum score according to the subject's skill and meet all the necessary conditions. According to the performance of the gymnasts, in terms of proper use of the ground space, change of direction and amount of movement, show movements, height and distance of jumps and the way of landing in two sections, the score of difficulty of movements (D) and the score of artistic performance (E) Scored movements (British Gymnastics Association). According to the rules of the International Gymnastics Federation, the floor routine does not last more than 90 seconds and must cover the entire area.
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