تأثیر برنامه آموزش والدگری مثبت بر سلامت روانی و رضامندی زناشویی مادران دارای کودک اختلال یادگیری ویژه (مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
درجه علمی: نشریه علمی (وزارت علوم)
آرشیو
چکیده
پژوهش با هدف بررسی تأثیر برنامه آموزش والدگری مثبت بر سلامت روانی و رضامندی زناشویی مادران دارای کودک اختلال یادگیری ویژه پایه ششم ابتدایی اجرا شد. طرح پژوهشی استفاده شده در این تحقیق، یک طرح نیمه آزمایشی با پیش آزمون و پس آزمون و با گروه آزمایش و کنترل بود. جامعه آماری پژوهش، مادران دانش آموزان دارای اختلال یادگیری مراجعه کننده به مرکز اختلال یادگیری شهرستان خوی بود. آزمودنی های این پژوهش 24 نفر (12 آزمودنی گروه کنترل و 12 آزمودنی گروه آزمایش) از مادران دانش آموزان دارای اختلال یادگیری بودند که به روش نمونه گیری دردسترس انتخاب شدند. از پرسشنامه سلامت روانی و رضامندی زناشویی استفاده شد. بسته آموزشی برنامه والدگری مثبت در 8 جلسه 90 دقیقه ای برای گروه آزمایش اجرا شد و در گروه کنترل هیچ مداخله ای صورت نگرفت. نتایج تحلیل کواریانس داده ها نشان دادند برنامه والدگری مثبت تأثیر برتر معنی دار بر سلامت روانی دارد. همچنین، نشان دادند برنامه والدگری مثبت تأثیر برتر معنی دار بر رضامندی زناشویی دارد. با توجه به اثربخشی والدگری مثبت بر سلامت روانی و رضامندی زناشویی اجرای آن بر در جلسات آموزش خانواده مداری پیشنهاد می شود.Investigating the Effects of Positive Parenting Training Program on Mental Health and Marital Satisfaction of Mothers of Children with Specific Learning Disabilities
This study investigated the effect of the positive parenting training program on mental health and marital satisfaction of mothers with sixth grade children with specific learning disabilities. The research design used in this research was semi-experimental with pre-test and post-tests and experimental and control groups. The statistical population of the study included the mothers of students with learning disabilities who were referred to the learning disability center in Khoy, Iran. The participants of this study were 24 (12 in the control group and 12 in the experimental group) mothers of students with learning disabilities, selected by the available sampling method. To collect the data, Mental Health and Marital Satisfaction Questionnaires were used. The educational package of the positive parenting program was implemented in 8 sessions of 90 minutes for the experimental group, and no intervention was used for the control group. The results of covariance analysis of the data showed that the positive parenting program significantly affected mental health. It also showed that the positive parenting program had a significantly superior effect on mental health. It is suggested that the positive parenting program be implemented in schools.IntroductionSpecific learning disorders (SLDs) are some of the most common neurodevelopmental disorders that persistently impact academic learning (Saravanan et al., 2024). SLDs include disorders in reading, writing, and mathematics (American Psychiatric Association, 2013). Children with SLDs have lower mental health compared to their typically developing peers (Rinaldi et al., 2023).Past research highlights the importance of examining the interaction between children with SLD and their parents, as the child's behavior can act as a stressor, influencing parental behavior and the parent-child relationship. One such effect is on marital satisfaction, which is defined as the sense of well-being from awareness of a comfortable situation, often tied to the fulfillment of specific desires (Pengpid et al., 2024).Positive Parenting Program is a family-based and child-focused intervention based on social learning principles, which has been used to address severe behavioral and emotional problems in children and improve the quality of the mother-child relationship (Zhang et al., 2024).The current study aims to implement the updated Positive Parenting Program and examine its effectiveness on the mental health and marital satisfaction of mothers of children with SLDs in the 6th grade of elementary school. MethodResearch Method, Statistical Population, and Sample: The research method was a quasi-experimental design, using pre-test and post-tests for the control and experimental groups. The experimental group participated in the Positive Parenting Program, while the control group received no intervention. The statistical population included all mothers of children (both genders) with specific learning disorders in the 6th grade of elementary school in Khoy, Iran during the 2023-2024 academic year. A sample of 24 participants was selected using the available sampling method. According to the Positive Parenting Program guidelines, the workshop groups should ideally consist of 10-12 parents.MeasuresMental Health Questionnaire: This is a 28-item self-report screening questionnaire designed by Goldberg and Hiller (1972) to identify individuals with mental disorders. The overall Cronbach's alpha for this measure was 0.87 in the present study.Marital Satisfaction Assessment Scale: This is a 7-item scale developed by Hendrick, Dicke, and Hendrick (1998), measuring marital satisfaction on a 5-point Likert scale. The Cronbach's alpha for this scale was 0.78 in the current research.Procedure: After obtaining consent, the mothers of children with specific learning disorders were selected using the available sampling method and randomly assigned to the experimental and control groups. The pre-test was conducted using the mental health and marital satisfaction questionnaires for both groups. The experimental group then received the Positive Parenting Program intervention in 8 sessions of 90 minutes each (twice a week).Two weeks after the intervention, the post-test was administered to both groups. A three-month follow-up assessment was also conducted. The control group did not receive any training during the study. ResultsThe sample consisted of 12 participants in the experimental group with a mean age of 11.34 ± 0.32 and 12 participants in the control group with a mean age of 11.49 ± 0.36.The descriptive statistics for the mental health and marital satisfaction subscales in the experimental and control groups are presented. The assumptions for univariate analysis of covariance (normality of the dependent variable distribution, homogeneity of the dependent variable error variance, homogeneity of interaction effects, and homogeneity of regression slopes) were met. Table 1Descriptive Indices of the Sub-components of Mental Health and Marital Satisfaction in the Experimental and Control GroupsVariablesSub-componentspre-testpost-testfollow-upMSDMSDMSDMental HealthTestPhysical Symptoms26/941/6531/882/5832/563/65Anxiety and Insomnia31/123/1028/752/5927/544/65Disruption in Social Functioning17/501/6313/501/6312/782/68Depression15/583/1011/452/5912/542/24ControlPhysical Symptoms22/631/9721/941/5720/653/47Anxiety and Insomnia27/504/3226/692/8025/253/63Disruption in Social Functioning152/9414/211/5814/473/25Depression14/473/1013/232/5912/273/56Marital SatisfactionTestGeneral18/153/8822/554/133/133/34ControlGeneral16/144/5617/173/1714/163/25 The summary of the univariate analysis of covariance shows that the Positive Parenting Program was effective for enhancing mental health and marital satisfaction of mothers with children with specific learning disorders in the post-test and follow-up, controlling for the pre-test.For mental health, the calculated F-values were significant at p<0.05 for the somatic symptoms (F=35.26, η^2=0.55), anxiety and insomnia (F=3.31, η^2=0.58), social dysfunction (F=14.16, η^2=0.66), and depression (F=10.44, η^2=0.49) subscales. This indicates that the Positive Parenting Program was effective in improving these mental health domains, accounting for 55%, 58%, 66%, and 49% of the variance, respectively.For marital satisfaction, the calculated F-value was also significant at p<0.05 (F=120.50, η^2=0.84), suggesting that the Positive Parenting Program was effective in improving marital satisfaction, accounting for 84% of the variance. Therefore, the first hypothesis was confirmed.In the follow-up, the Positive Parenting Program remained effective for enhancing mental health subscales, with significant F-values for somatic symptoms (F=29.06, η^2=0.56), anxiety and insomnia (F=2.13, η^2=0.48), social dysfunction (F=12.07, η^2=0.56), and depression (F=8.23, η^2=0.46). The program also continued to be effective in improving marital satisfaction (F=115.75, η^2=0.79). Thus, the second hypothesis was also confirmed. ConclusionThis study aimed to examine the effect of the Positive Parenting Program on mental health and marital satisfaction of mothers with children with specific learning disorders. The results showed that the Positive Parenting Program had a positive effect on both the mental health and marital satisfaction of the mothers.Regarding mental health, the findings indicated that the Positive Parenting Program was effective in increasing the mental health symptoms of the participants. This is in line with previous studies demonstrating the effectiveness of the Positive Parenting Program in improving mental health (Saravanan et al., 2024; Zhang et al., 2024).The Positive Parenting Program, which is based on the social learning model of parent-child interactions, emphasizes the reciprocal and bidirectional nature of these interactions. This model clarifies the learning mechanisms that can lead to a vicious cycle in parent-child interactions and the potential emergence of the child's antisocial behaviors in the future. Additionally, the Positive Parenting Program was found to be effective in increasing the marital satisfaction of the mothers of children with specific learning disorders. This finding is consistent with previous research (Pengpid et al., 2024; Sanders et al., 2014; Saravanan et al., 2024; Zhang et al., 2024).The concept of marital satisfaction is defined as the sense of well-being resulting from the awareness of a comfortable situation, often tied to the fulfillment of specific desires. The Positive Parenting Program is used to reduce severe behavioral and emotional problems in children and improve the quality of the mother-child relationship (Gagné et al., 2023).The limitations of the current study include the inability to control for the various factors affecting mental health and marital satisfaction, such as personality characteristics, individual beliefs, and cultural factors. Future research should consider these factors and extend the Positive Parenting Program to other neurodevelopmental disorder groups and different socioeconomic populations to further evaluate its effectiveness. Ethical ComplianceCompliance with Ethical Guidelines: All ethical issues such as confidentiality of participants' identity were attended to and informed consent were obtained from the participants.Author Contributions: All steps of the article are done by the author of the article.Conflict of Interest: The authors declare no conflict of interest for this study.Funding: The authors received no financial support for the study.Acknowledgments: The authors would like to thank all participants for their time and contribution to the study.
تبلیغات
