قومیت و نحوه انتخاب همسر در ایران (مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
درجه علمی: نشریه علمی (وزارت علوم)
آرشیو
چکیده
الگوهای ازدواج در بستر های فرهنگی مختلف به اشکال متفاوتی بروز می یابند. پژوهش حاضر در پی آن است که نقش قومیت را بر نحوه انتخاب همسر در ایران بررسی کند. بدین منظور از داده های «پیمایش ازدواج» سازمان ثبت احوال کشور (1396-1397) استفاده شد که شامل 9458 نفر مراجعه کننده به آزمایشگاه های انجام آزمایش های قبل از ازدواج مراکز استان ها (به جز تهران) می باشد. یافته ها نشان داد که 85 درصد از ازدواج ها به صورت نیمه ترتیب یافته (انتخاب همسر توسط فرد و تأیید خانواده) بوده است. نتایج آزمون رگرسیون لجستیک چندجمله ای نشان داد که پس از کنترل تمام متغیرها، قومیت رابطه خود با نحوه انتخاب همسر هر دو جنس را حفظ کرد. این یافته بر اهمیت رویکرد نظری هنجاری- قومی در مقابل رویکرد نظری همانندی مشخصه ها در نحوه انتخاب همسر تأکید می کند. این مطالعه یافته های مطالعات پیشین مبنی بر نقش قومیت در الگوهای ازدواج در کشور را تایید می کند و بر اهمیت توجه به آن به عنوان یک عامل فرهنگی مرتبط با ارزش ها، هنجارها و آداب و رسوم خاص در طراحی سیاست ها و برنامه های تسهیل کننده و تحکیم کننده ازدواج تاکید می کند.Ethnicity and Mate Selection in Iran
Marriage patterns occur in various forms across different cultural settings. This study seeks to investigate the role of ethnicity in mate selection in Iran. Data from the "Marriage Survey" of the National Organization for Civil Registration of Iran (2016-2017) was used, which includes 9458 individuals who referred to the pre-marital testing laboratories in all provincial centers (except Tehran). The findings showed that 85% of the marriages were semi-arranged (spouse selected by the individual and approved by the family). The multinomial logistic regression test results showed that after controlling all the covariates, ethnicity retains its association with mate selection of both sexes. This finding emphasizes the importance of the normative-ethnic theoretical approach in explaining mate selection in Iran, contrasting with the theoretical approach of the similarity of characteristics. This study confirms the findings of previous studies on the role of ethnicity in marriage patterns in Iran. It emphasizes the importance of considering it as a cultural factor associated with specific values, norms, and customs in designing policies and programs that facilitate and consolidate marriage.
Extended Abstract
Introduction
In recent decades, new ways of marriage such as love marriage have spread among the young generation. In arranged marriages, parents usually choose a spouse based on caste/ethnicity, religion, and the social and economic status of future spouses. Contemporary theorists have studied the changes in family and marriage patterns concerning the forces of industrialization and modernization. The changes resulting from these factors have been considered to reduce the authority of parents and increase the freedom of children in choosing their spouses; a process that will eventually lead to the reduction of arranged marriages.
On the other hand, it is believed that cultural values and norms shape the expectations and choices of people. Various studies have shown that marriage patterns are different among ethnic groups. The current research seeks to investigate whether ethnicity has an independent and significant effect on the pattern of spouse selection in Iran using the latest available information. This research not only enriches family studies in the country but is also important because spouse selection affects divorce, the quality of marital relations, and marital satisfaction. It also affects marriage patterns such as age of marriage and consanguineous marriage.
Method and Data
This quantitative research utilizes the secondary analysis of the "Marriage Survey" data from the Bureau of Statistics and Demographic and Migration Information of the National Organization for Civil Registration of Iran (2016-2017). The statistical population includes men and women who visited the pre-marriage genetic and medical screening test center in the capital cities of all provinces (except Tehran), containing 9458 individuals. In this research, the dependent variable is mate selection. The main independent variable of the research is ethnicity, while other independent variables include place of residence, level of education, employment status, monthly income, parents' education, and religion. The dependent variable has three categories: "selection by parents " as an indicator of arranged marriage; "self-selection and family approval" as an indicator of semi-arranged marriage; and "only self-selection" as an indicator of unarranged marriage. Therefore, the multinomial logistic regression analysis technique has been used as the method of multivariate analysis.. The purpose of this study is to predict the probability of arranged and unarranged marriages compared to semi-arranged marriages.
Findings
The results of this survey showed that 12% of marriages were arranged. The share of arranged marriages among men and women of the Baluch, Arab, and Lur ethnicities was higher than other ethnic groups. Considering semi-arranged marriages, which accounted for about 85% of marriages, Kurd, Gilak, and Persian men and women predominate. Unarranged marriages, which accounted for only 3% of marriages, were more common among Persian and Turk men and Kurd and Turk women than other ethnic groups
The results of the regression models for women showed that Baluch, Arab, Lur, and Turk women were more likely to marry a spouse selected by their parents than Persian women. The results of the full model showed that after adjusting for all the variables, ethnicity remained statistically significant. For men, the results showed that before adjusting for other variables, ethnicity was generally associated with the dependent variable. The Turk men were exceptions. Furthermore, ethnicity has no significant effect on self-selection or unarranged marriage before adjusting for other variables, except for Arabs. In terms of other variables, the education of men and women and the place of residence of women moderated the primary association between ethnicity and mate selection after adjusting for other variables.
Conclusion and Discussion
It can be concluded that ethnicity can still be considered a platform for the formation of people's behavior, including their mate selection. Therefore, it is suggested that policymakers consider culture when making policies in the field of marriage. It is also recommended that future studies include other variables such as family characteristics and socio-cultural attitudes to increase the explanatory power of the analysis.
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