شناسایی و تحلیل عوامل مؤثر بر توسعه گردشگری ادبی در ایران (مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
درجه علمی: نشریه علمی (وزارت علوم)
آرشیو
چکیده
گردشگری ادبی از مهم ترین عوامل مولد ثروت و اشتغال در دنیا و همواره از جمله گونه های اصلی گردشگری در ایران و به طور کلی، کشورهای در حال توسعه است. این نوع گردشگری می تواند دریچه ای نوین از شناخت، توسعه و پایداری را برای جوامع به همراه داشته باشد. هدف از پژوهش حاضر شناسایی عوامل مؤثر در توسعه گردشگری ادبی در کشور ایران است. پژوهش حاضر از نظر هدف، کاربردی است که ماهیت تفسیری و تحلیلی دارد و از لحاظ روش در گروه پژوهش های کیفی و کمّی قرار دارد. در این مطالعه برای تجزیه و تحلیل اطلاعات از مدل های گراند تئوری، دلفی و در نهایت، از ماتریس خودتعاملی (SSIM) استفاده شده است. جامعه آماری در پژوهش حاضر شامل متخصصان و نخبگان در حوزه گردشگری به طور عام و به طور خاص گردشگری ادبی است. برای گردآوری جامعه نمونه از روش نمونه گیری هدفمند استفاده و در نهایت، تعداد 30 نفر به عنوان جامعه نمونه انتخاب شدند. نتایج پژوهش نشان داد که مقوله هایی از جمله بهبود اقدام های مدیریتی و نهادی، افزایش در سرمایه گذاری گردشگری ادبی و موارد مربوط به آن، ارتقا در رقابت پذیری گردشگری ادبی در خاورمیانه و جهان با تبلیغات مناسب، عوامل قانونی و طراحی الگوی بومی از گردشگری ادبی به روایت های گفتمان، آموزش، توسعه فعالیت تخصصی و ترسیم مسیرهای ادبی و ... به عنوان عوامل مؤثر در توسعه گردشگری ادبی در کشور ایران شناسایی شد. سپس نتایج ماتریس خود تعاملی نشان داد که عامل اقدام های مدیریتی و نهادی بر سایر عوامل دیگر تأثیر دارد. عامل طراحی الگوی بومی از گردشگری ادبی به روایت های گفتمان، آموزش، توسعه فعالیت تخصصی و ترسیم مسیرهای ادبی و ... که مهم ترین عامل در جذب گردشگران ادبی است، متأثر از سایر عوامل است و به خودی خود، تأثیری بر عامل دیگری نمی گذارد.Identifying and Analyzing Effective Factors in the Development of Literary Tourism in Iran
Background: Literary tourism plays a crucial role in generating wealth and creating jobs worldwide, particularly in Iran and other developing countries. It serves as a fundamental pillar of tourism, offering societies a new path for knowledge, progress, and long-term sustainability. Purpose: This study aimed to identify the key factors driving the advancement of literary tourism in Iran. Research method: To achieve this objective, the study adopted an applied approach with an interpretive and analytical focus. Methodologically, it fell within the realm of qualitative and quantitative research. The analysis utilized grand theory, Delphi, and the Structural Self-Interaction Matrix (SSIM) model. The research population consisted of experts and elites in the broader field of tourism with a specific emphasis on literary tourism. Targeted sampling methods were employed to select a sample size of 30 individuals for data collection. Findings: The study identified several categories for enhancing the development of literary tourism in Iran. These categories included improving managerial and institutional practices, increasing investment in literary tourism and related initiatives, enhancing competitiveness through effective advertising, considering legal aspects, and constructing a localized model. Such factors as discourse narratives, educational initiatives, specialized activity development, and literary route creation were determined through a two-stage Delphi method research and confirmed to be significant by expert consensus. The subsequent analysis using the SSIM Matrix revealed that improvements in managerial and institutional measures exerted influence over other factors. Additionally, formulation of a local literary tourism model, encompassing discourse narratives, education, specialized activity development, and literary route creation emerged as a crucial factor in attracting literary tourists, influencing other factors while also being influenced by them in return.Keywords: Development, Literary Tourism, Iran. IntroductionLiterary tourism in Iran stands out as a highly compatible and advantageous form of tourism within the country's unique context, facing fewer obstacles compared to other types of tourism. Iran's rich literary heritage holds a prominent position in Eastern civilization and attracts global audiences, especially those interested in literary tourism. In addition to contributing to the growth of the tourism sector, it serves as a medium for soft power and cultural diplomacy, facilitating the preservation and expansion of the nation's cultural heritage. Despite the potential for several Iranian cities to become international literary tourism hubs, showcasing their abundant cultural and literary offerings, the sector has yet to establish itself as an active, cohesive, and organized industry. Moreover, the invaluable literary assets of the country have been neglected. Addressing this issue requires careful planning and a comprehensive review and analysis of the factors that contribute to tourism development in Iran's specific context. Neglecting this issue risks compromising Iran's global reputation and forfeiting potential economic benefits. Therefore, this study aimed to identify the key factors that influenced the development of literary tourism in Iran, seeking answers to the following questions: What are the effective factors driving the development of literary tourism in Iran? Among these factors, which ones have the greatest and least impact on the advancement of the sector? Materials & MethodsThis study employed a research methodology that combined applied, interpretive, and analytical approaches, integrating both qualitative and quantitative research methods. The information analysis utilized Grand Theory, the Delphi method, and the Structural Self-Interaction Matrix (SSIM). Data collection was conducted through the two main avenues of documentary and library studies, as well as interviews and questionnaires. Initially, unstructured in-depth interviews were conducted based on exploratory studies and data analysis employed an open coding system that incorporated central and selective approaches. The categories derived from constructing the underlying theory were then used as the framework for identifying the effective factors in the development of literary tourism in Iran. Once the factors were identified, each one was translated into a questionnaire and distributed among the sample population. The agreement with the extracted factors was assessed through two stages. Finally, using the SSIM, the relative importance of each factor in the development of literary tourism in Iran was discussed. The statistical population of the study consisted of experts and elites in the broader field of tourism with a specific focus on literary tourism. The sample selection employed targeted sampling methods, resulting in a final sample size of 30 individuals. Research FindingsThe research findings highlighted several factors that played significant roles in the development of literary tourism in Iran. These factors included improving managerial and institutional practices, increasing investment in literary tourism and related sectors, enhancing competitiveness of literary tourism through effective advertising and attention to legal aspects, and establishing a localized model of literary tourism that encompassed discourse narratives, educational initiatives, specialized activity development, and creation of literary routes. These factors were identified through a two-phase Delphi method with expert consensus confirming their importance. Furthermore, the analysis using the SSIM revealed that improvements in managerial and institutional practices had an influential impact on other factors. Additionally, formulation of a localized model of literary tourism, which encompassed discourse narratives, education, specialized activities, and creation of literary routes, emerged as the most crucial factor in attracting literary tourists. This model not only influenced other factors, but was also influenced by them in return. Discussion of Results & ConclusionIn conclusion, the findings of this study indicated that literary tourism had emerged as a significant sector within Iran's tourism industry, focusing on renowned sites, symbols, literature, and literary destinations. It had the potential to foster competition, generate economic benefits, create employment opportunities, and preserve cultural identity. Therefore, a proactive approach to identifying and analyzing the current state of literary tourism can pave the way for its further development, positioning Iran as a leading destination in this field. Integrating literary tourism into Iran's tourism strategy holds promise for attracting visitors and promoting sustainable development in the country.
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