مدیریت هوشمند زنجیره تأمین تحت فناوری اینترنت اشیاء با رویکرد نقشه شناختی فازی (مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
درجه علمی: نشریه علمی (وزارت علوم)
آرشیو
چکیده
تکنولوژی های هوشمند دور جدیدی از تغییرات را در زنجیره تأمین سنتی به ارمغان آورده اند. این مطالعه با هدف بررسی تأثیر اینترنت اشیاء بر مدیریت هوشمند زنجیره تأمین صورت گرفت که به ارزیابی روابط بین متغیرها و میزان اثرگذاری و اثرپذیری آن ها با روش نقشه شناختی فازی می پردازد. جامعه آماری، خبرگان دانشگاهی و کارشناسان فعال در شرکت توزیع داروپخش در استان بوشهر هستند. پس از شناسایی مؤلفه ها از پیشینه پژوهش، مصاحبه صورت گرفت. بدین منظور پرسشنامه به10 نفر از خبرگان وکارشناسان مربوطه ارائه شد و طی چند مرحله مورد واکاوی اطلاعات قرار گرفت که در نهایت در 9 دسته معیار و 41 زیرمعیار، عوامل اصلی کاربرد اینترنت اشیاء در زنجیره تأمین تعیین گردیدند. معیارها ش امل: مدیریت هوشمند موجودی و انبارداری، مدیریت هوشمند عملیات، مدیریت هوشمند اطلاعات، مدیریت هوشمند محصولات، مدیریت هوشمند هزینه، مدیریت هوشمند بهره وری شرکتی، مدیریت هوشمند مشتریان و تأمین کنندگان دارو، مدیریت هوشمند فروش و بازاریابی و مدیریت هوشمند محیط زیست هستند. نتایج نشان داد که ارتباط می ان کلی ه ش اخص ه ا همسو و مثبت است. شاخص مدیریت هوشمند اطلاعات ب ه عن وان مهمترین شاخص بدست آمده است؛ زیرا بر همه ش اخص ه ای دیگ ر تأثیرگ ذار اس ت. سه ش اخص مدیریت هوشمند مش تریان، مدیریت هوشمند فروش و بازاریابی و مدیریت هوشمند عملیات در رتبه ی دوم تأثیرگ ذاری هستند. بنابراین مدیران صنعت توزیع دارو می بایست با استفاده از فناوری اینترنت اشیاء به مدیریت هوشمند اطلاعات در سازمان خود، بهبود روابط با مشتریان، بهبود عملیات و تمرکز ویژه بر فرآیند فروش بپردازند و موجب بهینه-سازی فرآیندهای زنجیره تأمین و افزایش سودآوری شوند.Evaluation and analysis of intelligent supply chain management under Internet of Things technology with fuzzy cognitive map approach
Smart technologies have brought changes in the supply chain. This study was conducted with the aim of investigating the impact of the Internet of Things on the intelligent management of the supply chain, which evaluates the relationships between variables and their impact and effectiveness with the fuzzy cognitive mapping method. The statistical population is academic experts and active experts in the drug distribution company in Bushehr province. After identifying the components from the background of the research, an interview was conducted. Then the questionnaire was presented to 10 experts and experts and it was analyzed in several stages, and finally, the main factors of the use of Internet of Things in the supply chain were determined in 9 categories of criteria and 41 sub-criteria. The criteria include: intelligent management of inventory and warehousing, intelligent management of operations, intelligent management of information, intelligent management of products, intelligent management of costs, intelligent management of corporate productivity, intelligent management of customers and drug suppliers, intelligent management of sales and marketing, and intelligent management of the environment.The results showed that intelligent information management was obtained as the most important indicator; Because it affects all indicators. intelligent management of customers, intelligent management of sales and marketing, and intelligent management of operations are the second most influential. Therefore, managers of the drug distribution industry should use Internet of Things technology to intelligently manage information in their organization, improve relationships with customers, improve operations and focus on the sales process, and optimize supply chain processes and profitability. IntroductionThe fourth industrial revolution, through its smart technologies, has greatly affected the management models and traditional supply chain operations (Chen & et al., 2020). Supply chains must be smarter in order to overcome their problems and complexities, such as reducing uncertainty regarding demand and delivery time, poor flow of information, costs, product quality, communicating effectively with customers, etc. (Chbaik, 2022). Application of the mentioned technology in the supply chain in drug distribution industry will play a very important role toward efficiency and effectiveness. In this research, by examining the indicators of Internet of Things in the supply chain, the relationship between these indicators in the supply chain in the pharmaceutical distribution company have been studied. Literature ReviewInternet of Things (IOT) refers to the connection of sensors and devices with a network through which they can interact with each other and with their users. Internet of Things integrates various sensors, objects and smart nodes that can communicate without human intervention and currently has wide applications in smart networks, healthcare and transportation (Dadhaneeya & et all, 2023). Tavakli Moghadam and et al (2022) investigated the use of Internet of Things (IOT) in the food supply chain (FCS) in a research. By reviewing the literature, six basic functions obtained for this type of network including transportation logistics, food production, resource management, food safety, food safety, food quality maintenance and FSC transparency were obtained. Also, a clustering method was used. Disin (2022), investigated the barriers to the adoption of the Internet of Things in the healthcare supply chain in India with a fuzzy approach. In this research, it is stated that the Internet of Things plays an important role in the health care supply chain. It improves the quality of patient care, reduces the cost of medical procedures, maintains flawless operations, and supports clinical decisions. This research identified and analyzed the potential barriers that prevent the healthcare industry from adopting the Internet of Things. In this research, it is stated that the legal and regulatory standards and the lack of information technology infrastructure are the main obstacles affecting the adoption of the Internet of Things in the health supply chain. MethodologyThe statistical population of this research were all academic experts, managers and experts of drug distribution in Darupakhsh Company of Bushehr province, were familiar with the concept of Internet of Things and supply chain and had related work experience and bachelor's degree or higher. Their opinions were used to determine the importance of indicators. The statistical sample for determining the relationship between indicators using the Fuzzy Cognitive Map (FCM) method was 10 out of experts. After identifying indicators from previous studies, a questionnaire was provided to the sample, some less important indicators were removed from the questionnaire. In the second phase questionnaire was designed and then from the point of view of the sample, 41 key indicators were identified, which were classified into 9 categories and used in the fuzzy cognitive map method. Resultsfindings of this research were analyzed based on the process of creating a fuzzy cognitive map. The initial matrix of success for 9 main effective indicators in the intelligent management of the supply chain under Internet of Things technology with a case study in the drug distribution company in Bushehr province. Based on the value and points that 10 experts gave to these indicators in the range of 0 to 100, was formed and after several steps of calculation, we reached the final matrix which is related to the results.Table 1. Final MatrixIndicatorFactorC1C2C3C4C5C6C7C8C9Intelligent management of inventory and warehousingC1 0.860.85 0.810.94 0.93 Intelligent operation managementC20.86 0.98 0.740.670.94 0.58Intelligent information managementC30.850.98 0.780.740.650.930.83 Intelligent product management (pharmaceutical)C40.670.78 0.780.740.57Intelligent cost managementC5 0.74 0.77 0.830.82Intelligent management of corporate productivityC6 0.65 0.77 0.920.50Intelligent management of drug customers and suppliersC70.880.940.93 0.83 0.870.72Intelligent management of sales and marketingC80.930.83 0.740.830.92 0.78Intelligent environmental managementC9 0.58 0.820.50 0.78 Based on the results presented in the final matrix, a fuzzy cognitive map diagram is drawn. It can be seen that the intelligent information management index has the greatest impact on other indices. Then, three indicators of intelligent management of customers including intelligent management of sales and marketing, and intelligent management of operations were also ranked second in terms of influence. On the other hand, four indicators of intelligent management including operations, cost, sales and marketing and productivity are the indicators that have the most influence from other indicators, the highest correlation between the index of intelligent management of information and the intelligent management of company operations with a value of 0.98 and the lowest correlation between productivity intelligent management index and environmental intelligent management index was 0.50, which are examined and analyzed in the research results section. ConclusionAccording to the obtained results, the relationship between all the indicators of the use of the Internet of Things in the supply chain of the pharmaceutical industry is consistent and positive.With intelligent information management, the automatic decision-making process in the company is supported, and with rapid information cooperation in internal operations and cooperation with suppliers and customers, the drug distribution industry is able to respond to the environmental changes. Another influential indicator is the intelligent management of customers, which by using the Internet of Things in the drug distribution industry, succeeded in expanding online services and delivering products on time to the customers, focusing more on customer relationship management and receiving effective feedback on the disadvantages of products purchased by customers. Another influential indicator is the intelligent management of sales and marketing of products, which through an intelligent system to receive the needs of patients of medical centers and other drug applicants, lead to the improvement of the sales of the company's products and services, and respond to the market demand of pharmaceutical products and optimal management. Another effective indicator is the intelligent management of operations, which is optimized by using the Internet of Things in the supply chain processes of pharmaceutical companies in Bushehr province, helping to make the operations flawless and improve the production and delivery process, integrating internal, customer and supply processes, and cooperation and coordination takes place throughout the supply chain.AcknowledgmentsWe are grateful to all the experts who cooperated with the researchers in the process of data collection and favored us.Keywords: Intelligent Technologies, Intelligent Supply Chain Management, Internet of Things, Fuzzy Cognitive Map.
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