اولویت بندی مؤلفه های مؤثر بر کیفیت محیط شهری (مطالعه موردی: شهر شیراز) (مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
درجه علمی: نشریه علمی (وزارت علوم)
آرشیو
چکیده
کیفیت محیط شهری به عنوان بخشی از مباحث کیفیت زندگی شهری جایگاه ویژه ای را در مطالعات برنامه ریزی شهری معاصر به خود اختصاص داده است؛ زیرا هرچقدر میزان کیفیت یک محیط شهری بیشتر باشد، آن شهر توانایی توسعه هوشمند و پایدار را دارد. البته رشد کمی و پرشتاب شهرها و اسپرال شهری در شهرهای جهان سوم همچون ایران باعث وقوع بحران های زیادی در زندگی شهری در قرن 21 مانند مشکلات محیطی و کاهش کیفیت محیط شهری شده است. هدف پژوهش حاضر، بررسی مؤلفه های مؤثر بر کیفیت محیط شهری در شهر شیراز است. این تحقیق، ازنظر هدف، رویکردی کاربردی دارد و ازنظر روش، توصیفی تحلیلی است. روش گردآوری اطلاعات، اسنادی و پیمایشی (از طریق ابزار پرسشنامه محقق ساخته) بوده است و جامعه آماری، شهروندان شیراز هستند. از طریق نمونه گیری کوکران تعداد 384 پرسشنامه به عنوان حجم نمونه تکمیل شد. برای شناسایی ارتباط بین متغیرها و تحلیل آنها از مدل سازی معادلات ساختاری در نرم افزار لیزرل استفاده شده است. همبستگی بین متغیرها نشان دهنده و تأییدکننده معناداری رابطه بین مؤلفه های محیط مسکن، کالبدی، محتوایی و عملکردی در کیفیت محیط شهری شیراز است؛ همچنین بیشترین همبستگی ها بین ویژگی های عملکردی (شامل خدمات بهداشتی، تجاری، تفریحی و رفاه اجتماعی) با کالبدی شامل (فضای شهری، دسترسی و حمل ونقل، فضاها و بناها) (67/0) و بعد از آن بین ویژگی های محیط های مسکونی با کالبدی (65/0) و سپس ویژگی های عملکردی با عوامل محیطی (64/0) است که نشان از اثرگذاری این ویژگی ها در کیفیت محیط شهری شیراز است.Prioritization of the Eelements Affecting Urban Environmental Quality in Shiraz
Urban environmental quality as a part of the urban life quality has a special position in contemporary urban planning studies because the higher the quality of an urban environment is, the higher the potential for smart and sustainable development will be. The physical and rapid growth of cities and urban sprawl in the third-world cities like Iran has caused urban life with environmental problems and poor quality of urban environment in the 21 st century. This study aimed to investigate the factors affecting the quality of urban environment in Shiraz City. This research used a practical and descriptive-analytical approach. Archival and surveying methods were utilized to collect the data through a researcher-made questionnaire. The statistical population included Shiraz citizens. A total of 384 questionnaires were completed by using Cochran’s formula. Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) was applied to validate the relationships between the variables and analyze them with the LISREL program. The correlation between the variables confirmed a significant relationship between the elements of residential, physical, content, and functional environments in the quality of urban environment in Shiraz. The highest correlations of functional characteristics, including health services, commercial services, recreational services, and social welfare services, with physical characteristics, including urban space, access and transportation, and spaces and buildings (0.67), followed by those of the characteristics of residential environment with physical characteristics (0.65) and then those of functional characteristics with environmental factors (0.64) were found, which showed the influences of the mentioned characteristics on the quality of urban environment in Shiraz. Introduction The concept of environmental quality has emerged from compatibility of the concepts of quality of life and architectural and urban planning knowledge. Urban life quality has been one of the first research topics emphasized by urban planners since the 1930s when the growth of communities started. Over the past 50 years, urban communities have faced an environmental quality decline due to rapid urbanization in Iran. Therefore, urban planning measures must be taken to improve the environmental quality of cities. Population growth in Shiraz City has been also very fast and rapid urbanization and modernization has increased the pressure on the environmental development of this city. This city has had challenges, such as physical abnormality, air pollution, noise pollution, inequality in the use of welfare services, recreation, traffic, and parks and green spaces, marginal areas (200,000 people are slum dwellers now), lack of optimal access, ecological segregation, and degradation of the quality of the environment. This article addressed prioritization of the components affecting the quality of the urban environment in Shiraz City by using the path analysis method and LISREL program. We lacked a comprehensive conceptualization in the present research. Previous studies have presented ideas about urban environmental quality, which have not investigated a wide range of the relevant dimensions; some dimensions have not been investigated by other researchers and some other dimensions have been ignored. Therefore, this study aimed to answer the following question: Which components affecting environmental quality in Shiraz City have the highest priorities with the most impact?” Methods and materials This research used a practical and descriptive-analytical approach. Archival and surveying methods were used for data collection. The present study was an applied research. Internal articles and magazines were reviewed and a researcher-made questionnaire was applied with specialized survey questions in the studied field and scored on Likert scale. The statistical population included Shiraz citizens. A total of 384 questionnaires were completed by using Cochran’s formula. The indicators related to environmental quality were analyzed. Face validity was employed to validate the indicators and Cronbach's alpha was utilized to determine the internal consistency . Analysis of the relevant questionnaire, and its data information was done usinig SPSS statistics. Then, Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) was used to validate the relationship between the variables and analyze them by LISREL. Results and discussion The current research used the 4 elements of residential, physical, content, and functional environment to investigate urban environmental quality. The element of residential environment included the 4 indicators of location, construction quality, cost, and facilities. Facilities had the highest impact (0.63) and location had the lowest impact (0.4) among the indicators of residential environment. The element of physical environment included the 3 indicators of urban space, access and transportation, and space and buildings. Space and buildings had the highest impact (0.72) and urban space had the lowest impact (0.6) among the indicators of physical environment. Content environment included the 4 indicators of restoration of place attachment, environmental health, lifestyle, and security and social relations. Restoration of place attachment had the highest impact (0.78) and security and social relations had the lowest impact (0.58) among the indicators of content environment. The element of functional environment included the 4 indicators of health services, commercial services, recreational services, and social welfare services. Health services had the highest impact (0.64) and recreational services had the lowest impact (0.48) among the indicators of functional environment. The results of the analysis of the structural model for examining the relationship between the components of the hidden variable of the research showed that there was a significant relationship between the components. According to the results, there was the highest correlation between the characteristics of functional environment, including health services, commercial services, recreational services, and social welfare services, and those of physical environment, including urban space, access, transportation, and spaces and buildings (0.67) followed by the characteristics of residential environment, which had the highest correlation with the characteristics of physical environment (0.65), and then the characteristics of functional environment with those of environmental factors (0.64), all of which showed their influences on the quality of urban environment in Shiraz City. Therefore, liveliness and vitality in the environment with the simultaneous effects of functional and physical characteristics could ultimately lead to the diversity of functions and spaces. Conclusion Today, urban environmental quality is one of the important topics that are always raised in all the cities in the world because the higher the quality of an urban environment is, the higher the potential for sustainable development will be. Various factors and priorities, including the characteristics of residential, functional, content, and physical environment, are investigated when discussing urban environmental quality. In Iran, people place more emphasis on the quality of urban environment with rapid urbanization. Air pollution, destruction of vegetation, water loss and pollution, and waste classification have limited sustainable developments in the urban environment. Analyzing the impacts of these environmental concerns is a prerequisite for implementing a sustainable urban environmental policy. This article investigated and prioritized the effective factors in the environmental quality of Shiraz City with a descriptive-analytical approach. After collecting the involved indicators from scientific articles, designing a questionnaire based on the Likert scale and distributing them among 382 households in Shiraz City, and collecting their information and the output of LISREL software, the results led to prioritization of the components of physical characteristics (0.88), content characteristics (0.84), functional characteristics (0.76), and residential characteristics (0.74) played an essential role in the environmental quality of Shiraz City. The dimensions of urban space, access and transportation, and spaces and buildings in the physical component had a greater impact on the urban environmental quality based on the path analysis test. These findings confirmed those obtained by Qashqaei et al. (2016) and Hatami and Zaker Haghighi (2017). Therefore, we could conclude that public spaces of Shiraz City played an essential role in developing social interactions and improving the quality of the environment. The results of the present research revealed that the influences of health and commercial services in the functional element were more than those of the recreational and welfare dimensions; this was consistent with the results achieved by Abron et al. (2017). The findings related to the content element indicated that the design of arrangement content factors improved readiness of the environment and strengthened the sense of place for citizens and urban space users. In general, it can be said that physical-spatial elements can play a decisive role by prioritizing the dimensions of health and commercial services, along with the content dimensions as the change factors in urban environmental quality. Keywords : Prioritization, Urban environmental quality, Quality of life, Route analysis, Shiraz References - Dace, E., Stibe, A., & Timma, L. (2019). A holistic approach to manage environmental quality by using the Kano model and social cognitive theory: Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management. doi:10.1002/csr.1828 - Hjalager, A. M. and Flagestad, A. (2012). Innovations in well-being tourism in the Nordic countries. Current Issues in Tourism, 15 (8), 725-740. - Ibem, E. O. and Amole, D. (2013). Subjective life satisfaction in public housing in urban areas of Ogun State, Nigeria. Cities, 35 , 51-61. - Kent, J. L. and Thompson, S. (2014). The three domains of urban planning for health and well-being. Journal of planning literature, 29 (3), 239-256. - Li, Ch. L. (2020). Quality of life: The perspective of urban park recreation in three Asian cities. Journal of Outdoor Recreation and Tourism, 29 , 1-10. - Li, G. and Weng, Q. (2007). Measuring the quality of life in city of Indianapolis by integration of remote sensing and census data. Int. J. Remote Sens ., 28, 249-267. - Liang, B. and Weng, Q. (2011). Assessing urban environmental quality change of Indianapolis, United States, by the remote sensing and GIS integration. IEEE J. Sel. Top. Appl. Earth Obs. Remote Sens. 4 , 43-55. - Lu, C., Shi, L., Zhao, X., Li, W., & Gustavel, Q. (2021). Evaluation and planning of urban geological and ecological environment quality. Arabian Journal of Geosciences, 14 (2), 1-8. - Marans, R. W. and Stimson, R. (2011). An overview of quality of urban life: Investigating quality of urban life , 1-29. - Mouratidis, K. (2021). Urban planning and quality of life: A review of pathways linking the built environment to subjective well-being. Cities, 115 , 103229. - Musse, M. A., Barona, D. A., & Rodriguez, L. M. S. (2018). Urban environmental quality assessment using remote sensing and census data. Int. J. Appl. Earth Obs. Geoinf., 71 , 95-108. - Papachristoua, I. A. and Casals, M. R. (2020). Cities and quality of life: Quantitative modeling of the emergence of the happiness field in urban studies. Cities, Vol. 88 , May 2019, pp. 191-208. - Pfeiffer, D. and Cloutier, S. (2016). Planning for happy neighborhoods. Journal of the American Planning Association, 82 (3), 267-279. - Ruth, M. and Franklin, R. (2014). Livability for all? Conceptual limits and practical implications. Applied Geography, Vol. 49 , pp. 18 -23. - Santamouris, M. (2014). On the energy impact of urban heat island and global warming on buildings. Energy Build. , 82 , 100-113. - Seik, F. T. (2000). Subjective assessment of urban quality of life in Singapore (1997–1998). Habitat international, 24 (1), 31-49. - Shao, Q., Weng, S. S., Liou, J. J., Lo, H. W., & Jiang, H. (2019). Developing A Sustainable Urban-Environmental Quality Evaluation System in China Based on A Hybrid Model. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health (2019), 16 , 1434. - Shekhar, H., Schmidt, A. J., & Wehling, H. W. (2019). Exploring wellbeing in human settlements-A spatial planning perspective. Habitat International, 87 , 66-74. - Ulengin, B., Fusun U., & Umit G. (2001). A multidimensional approach to urban quality of life: The case of Istanbul. European Journal of Operation Research, 130 , pp 361-274. - Wang, F. and Wang, D. (2016). Place, geographical context, and subjective well-being: State of art and future directions. Mobility, Sociability and Well-being of Urban Living , 189-230. - Yue, H. Liu, Y., Li Y., & Lu, Y. "Eco-Environmental Quality Assessment in China’s 35 Major Cities Based on Remote Sensing Ecological Index". in IEEE Access , Vol. 7 , pp. 51295-51311, 2019. doi: 10.1109/ACCESS.2019.2911627
تبلیغات
