قرائت فیگوراتیو از نمایشنامه مالی سویینی نوشته براین فری یل بر مبنای کتاب مقدس (مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
درجه علمی: نشریه علمی (وزارت علوم)
آرشیو
چکیده
در متون ادبی و نمایشی گاه با نقاط تاریک و مبهمی مواجه می شویم که متن در مورد آن ها سکوت کرده است. به بیان دقیق تر گاه خواننده در مورد شخصیت ها یا داستان با سوالی مواجه می شود که متن پاسخی برای آن ندارد یا خواننده معنای سخنی در متن را به درستی در نمی یابد. به این ترتیب آنچه در متن برایمان مسأله انگیز خواهد بود «ابهام» است و آنچه ما را به پاسخ هایی درست از آن مسأله هدایت می کند ضرورت توجه به «بافت» در متن می باشد. در نمایشنامه مالی سویینی نوشته براین فری یل نیز ابهام در رابطه کاراکتر «مادر» با «پدر» موضوعی ست که در نخستین سطح معنایی و زبان لیترال متن قابل دریافت نخواهد بود. از آنجایی که فری یل نیز همواره به عنوان نویسنده ای با دغدغه های زبان محور شناخته شده است. به همین منظور با توجه به نشانه های کتاب مقدس در بافت متن، و به میانجی نظریات اریش اوئرباخ در کتاب میمسیس، قرائتی فیگوراتیو از این نمایشنامه و کشف استعارات نهفته در ابهامات متن ضرورت طرح این پژوهش را تشکیل می دهد. ضرورتی که در قرائتی تنگاتنگ از متن نمایشنامه مالی سویینی و کتاب مقدس به شیوه ای توصیفی و تحلیلی منجر به صورت بندی الگوی استعاری این متن و پاسخ به ابهامات درونی آن می گردد.Figurative reading of the play “Molly Sweeney” written by Brian Friel, based on The Holy Bible
Contradictions between the literal and figurative forms of the rhetoric figures, as a form of language, has represented itself a polemical matter into the classical literary and dramatic texts. For the researchers all across the world, surveying literature archetypes, literary and linguistic approaches for better understanding of two literary forms, Literal and Figurative, always was a prominent issue. Erich Auerbach is one the authors who probed into the two central archetypes of the western literature, the homer’s Iliad and Odyssey and Holy Bible. He compares two important literal texts with each other, which where he creates two new world by those two texts. Brian Friel is the most prominent dramatist of Ireland in the last fifty years. Dramatist Experts of Ireland believe that he is a true successor of playwrights like Yeats, Synge and O’Casey. Many Irish experts call Him “Ireland’s Chekhov”. He studied at catholic school and church to be a priest. Then he changed his path to be an instructor, narrator and playwright at a same time. The play “Molly Sweeney”, Brian Friel artwork, is one of those special cases impressed partly by both Homer’s Iliad and Odyssey and biblical archetypes and its literal and figurative literary forms. Sometimes in literary and dramatic texts, we face an obscure and dark point where the text tells nothing about them. To be more precise, sometimes the reader faces a question about the characters or the story or sometimes he or she is unable to understand part of the text correctly where the text has no answer for that. Therefore, the “ambiguity” is the problem in such texts. As a result, without attaining all semantic arrangements and word order, one cannot attain the fact. Also without considering the artwork’s general context, no correct readings happen. A context consisting of words, clauses and sentences bound to each other, forms a shape that shows how to face the artwork. Therefore, necessity to mind the “Context”, forwards us toward the correct answers to the questions or ambiguities. Ambiguity in relationships between the “Mother” and “Father” character and “The father not letting Molly to go to school ” is not an issue perceivable in text’s first semantic and literal level of language. According to Friel himself who studied at catholic school, close to grab the priest title and considering him as an author with language-centric concerns, and the analyzable signs of the Bible context into the text, figurative readings of the play and discovering hidden metaphors into ambiguities, through Erich Auerbach and his book ”Mimesis”, rises the necessity of forming aforesaid question. This is why understanding a quite literal text is simple and semantic arrangement in a certain pattern needs no influence on words’ meaning. Therefore, the pattern could be metaphoric. As a result, we face a form of metaphoric pattern in Molly Sweeney which necessity of close reading between Molly Sweeney’s play text and the Bible, in a descriptive and analytical manner, leads to form a metaphoric pattern and answering the text’s internal ambiguities.
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