مطالعات ترجمه و ادبیات تطبیقی: ایده ای نویافته در مقامات حمیدی (مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
درجه علمی: نشریه علمی (وزارت علوم)
آرشیو
چکیده
پژوهش حاضر به منظور یافتن نشانه ای از ایده های بومی فن ترجمه، «مقامات حمیدی» اثر قاضی حمیدالدین بلخی را مطالعه و بررسی کرده است. بدیهی است که تاریخ مطالعات ترجمه به سه دوره پیشازبانی (لفظ به لفظ)، زبانی (زبان شناختی) و پسازبانی (فرهنگی) تقسیم شده است. باتوجه به آخرین دوره، امروزه این تصور وجود دارد که فرهنگ ها بر اساس نیازهایشان ترجمه می کنند. نظر به این که یافته های پژوهش حاضر، وجود این اندیشه را در دیباچه مقامات حمیدی ردیابی کرده است، باید به این نکته مهم توجه کرد که قاضی حمیدالدین قرن ها قبل تر از صاحب نظران کنونی، به مسائل فرازبانی و فرهنگی در امر ترجمه اشاره کرده و ایده مترجم مؤلف را به صحنه مطالعات ترجمه آورده است. موضوع این پژوهش از حیث روش، ماهیتاً کتابخانه ای، و شیوه انجام آن، توصیفی-تحلیلی است. یافته ها بیانگر آن است که حمیدی ایده عبور از ترجمه های وفادار به زبان مبدأ را باهدف جلب رضایت کاربران زبان مقصد و نیز تقویت زبان و ادبیات جامعه هدف، در دیباچه مقامات خود مطرح کرده است تا زمینه حرکت به سمت بازنویسی و بازآفرینی متون مبدأ به زبان مقصد فراهم آید. وی برای عملی ساختن این ایده، به بازآفرینی مقامات همدانی و حریری در زبان فارسی پرداخته است.Translation Studies and Comparative Literature: New ideas in Maqamat-e Hamidi
Extended Abstract The present study investigated the book Maqamat -e Hamidi by Hamid al-Din Balkhi in order to find the possible signs of the native ideas of the translation technique. The history of translation studies is divided into three periods: pre-linguistic (literal), linguistic (linguistic), and post-linguistic (cultural). Given the recent period (linguistic or cultural), it is now thought that cultures translate according to their needs. Given that the findings of the present study trace the existence of this idea in the preface of Maqamat -e Hamidi , it should be noted that Hamid al-Din Balkhi referred to multilingual and cultural issues in translation centuries before current scholars. In the post-linguistic stage, cultural expectation determines which text to be translated, why, and how and these elements moved the translation activity from lexical, meta-lexical, and textual levels to rewriting and recreating the translator’s ideas. In order to implement the idea of a translator-author, Hamidi, based on the principles of comparative literature, rewrote and recreated the Maqamat of Hamedani and Hariri’s ideas in Persian based on the principles of comparative literature. The present study is descriptive-analytical in terms of the method and nature, respectively. The results of the study showed that Hamidi in the introduction of his Maqamat has proposed the idea of discarding faithful translations in order to satisfy the users of the target language and to strengthen the language and literature of the target community. In this way, he paved the ground to rewrite and reproduce the source texts in the target language. It should be noted that the introduction of Maqamat-e Hamidi is based on the fundamental idea that the components of a literary polysystem are in constant competition for a dominant position in language and literature. Therefore, this system is always witnessing constant challenges and tensions between the center and its peripheral environment. In other words, literary genres that are located in the periphery of this literary polysystem are constantly trying to reach a dominant position in the center of the polysystem and other literary genres that are in the center of this system (in the face of rival species) are trying to establish their dominance. On this basis, so-called less valid genres such as translated literature can be considered effective factors in the dynamics of the literary system. Translated literature can help to invent new literary techniques in the target community and this is one of the main reasons for recreating Maqamat in Persian. Finally, it is necessary to ask a key question and answer it: What were the decisions made by Hamidi in rewriting and recreating Arabic Maqamat in Persian? His decisions and actions can be classified into the following categories: 1) Innovation in choosing the title of Maqamat ; 2) innovation at the beginning and end of Maqamat ; 3) innovation in the illustration of the narrator and the hero of Maqamat ; 4) innovation in the journey of the hero of Maqamat ; 5) innovation in the structure of Maqamat with extensive use of debates and arguments; and 6) innovation in the content of Maqamat .
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