داوود قهرمانی

The purpose of the present study was to examine the effect of teaching grammar explicitly on Iranian tourism and hotel management students’ grammar knowledge. The 65 Iranian tourism and hotel management students who participated in this study were homogenized based on the Nelson proficiency test, so 51 tourism and hotel management students were selected as the main participants. They were divided into three experimental groups, which were called the "integrated FFI group," "pre-task FFI group," and "post-task FFI group." The learners' scores were compared using ANCOVA to analyze the data. The learners were pretested using the error correction test to assess their explicit grammar knowledge. After the treatment sessions, learners were post-tested using the error correction test to check the efficacy of the timing of form-focused instruction on the development of explicit knowledge of grammar. Based on the obtained results, it was found that there is a significant difference between the effects of integrated FFI, pre-task FFI, and post-task FFI on the explicit knowledge of the grammar of tourism and hotel management students.

English as the most popular international system of communication plays an undeniable role in the communication of various disciplines. Present study followed a quantitative approach. The study involved studying the effects of teaching tourism vocabulary on communication skills of the students of tourism and hotel management. Forty-six students participated in the study. Two groups were formed randomly; experimental and control. They took the PET test. Their scores from the PET test were used to check the homogeneity of the learners and their pretest communication skills score. The learners’ communication skills scores were the collection of their listening and speaking scores from the PET test. After the treatment, the learners took the listening and speaking tests from the PET test. Their mean scores were calculated and compared to find any significant difference. The results showed that the experimental group’s communication skills outperformed the control group. Moreover, the results of the study showed the importance of teaching vocabulary for improving communication skills of the students.  

The purpose of the current study was to explore the effects of watching foreign language (FL) videos on Iranian hotel management learners’ speaking skill. Two intact classes, taught by the same instructor, were considered as the two groups of the study. The experimental group (N = 30) watched the FL videos during eight sessions while the control group (N = 30) did not have an opportunity to watch the videos and had their normal classes.  The Oxford Placement Test (OPT) and IELTS Speaking Test were administered as the instruments in the current study. Results indicated that the participants’ speaking skill improved significantly after watching the FL videos.  Moreover, the findings demonstrated that watching FL videos significantly promoted the learners’ pronunciation.  In practical terms, the findings suggest that tourism course developers can include more foreign movies in their courses’ syllabus and language instructors to hotel staffs can take advantage of students' interest in watching videos and use it as an effective tool in their classroom to enhance the hotel staff and hotel management learners’ speaking skill and pronunciation.

The present paper is an attempt to integrate the concept of human rights in relation to tourism discourse and international laws and relations. In pursue of development, human rights are often mistreated while constantly supporting it will be more advantageous in long run. Economic development and prosperity of humans are among the most valuable motives for working on tourism development. It seems that there is no universally accepted definition of human rights but they are the basic standards without which people cannot live with dignity (D’Amore, 1988). This paper examines the effects of tourism and international laws relations on human rights to finally arrive at a comprehensive picture of this relation. In this regard, practical suggestions and guidelines of human rights for tourism and international relations are discussed. It is concluded that tourism constant development is not achievable until human rights is respected in international law and relations.