سمانه کشوردوست

The Islamic Republic of Iran and the Republic of Georgia underwent a revolutionary transformation in 1979 and 2003; However, there are fundamental differences between the two revolutions, including in ideology, the extent and scope of revolutionary developments, the nature of social forces and movements, the nature of the former and post-political regimes, and the direction of their new foreign policy. The country has been very influential in both domestic and foreign arenas. With this in mind, this article seeks to examine why the Iranian revolution became social in 1979 while the Georgian revolution in 2003 was limited to the political sphere. It seems that the Islamic Revolution of Iran in 1979, in response to the quasi-modernism of the Pahlavi period and inspired by cultural and identity components, led to the formation of a discourse called self-return, which realized such a possibility without changing political, social, economic and Culture was not possible. But the color revolution in Georgia, under the influence of components of historical memory resulting from the suppression of nationalist and independence-seeking tendencies, saw a change in the ruling political structure as sufficient to achieve this goal. Data and information of this research have been collected through documentary (library) method and have been analyzed using comparative analysis method. In order to examine the above question and hypothesis, this comparative study first takes a brief look at the background of the formation of the two revolutions and then examines their possible differences and similarities.

Abstract: Iraqi Shiites make up near 60 percent of the population live in the southern half of the country. However, they have been rarely in the circles of power throughout history and often under colonial domination of minorities that reached its peak during the rule of the Ba'ath Party. Thus, the Shiites were considered as an opposition through the history of Iraq, particularly after the World War I and the entry of Britain, although the intensity of the struggle varied according to different conditions. As noted, the Shiites who were in a weak position throughout the Iraq's history were able to gain significant influence on the structure of the Iraqi government and build a Shiite government due to changes in their country after 2003. The Shiites pursue their goals as Islamist parties and groups, and although they differ in many details of their goals, they are united in their general identity, Islam, and establishment of a Muslim community, and seek, in the light of reli-gious doctrines, giving meaning to future policies of their country. This research aims to investigate the Iraqi Shiites’ historical status from the era of Imam Ali (AS) until the fall of Saddam.