چیستی تعلیل و تبیین کاربری های آن در فهم روایت فقهی (مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
درجه علمی: نشریه علمی (وزارت علوم)
آرشیو
چکیده
از مهم ترین و کاربردی ترین قواعد در دانش فقه الحدیث، قاعده تعلیل است که در روایات نسبتاً زیادی به کار رفته است و فوایدی چشمگیر بر آن مترتب است. از همین رو، محدثان و فقها توجهی ویژه بدان داشته و در فهم روایات، استفاده ها و برداشت های گوناگونی از آن داشته اند. آگاهی از این برداشت ها، می تواند اهمیت تعلیل در فهم روایت فقهی را بیش از پیش آشکار کند و نحوه استفاده از تعلیل را تا اندازه زیادی نشان دهد. این پژوهش بر آن است تا با استفاده از روش توصیفی تحلیلی موارد استفاده از قاعده تعلیل را تبیین کند و نحوه استفاده از این قاعده را عملاً به نمایش گذارد. برخی از مهم ترین کاربری های تعلیل در فهم حدیث عبارت اند از: تعمیم، تشخیص حکم، شناسایی حدیث تقیه ای، ترجیح معنای مجمل بر ظاهر.Quiddity of Ta’īll and explanation of its uses in understanding juridical tradition
Introduction Hadith, as the second source in deriving religious rulings and the most extensive source among the four sources, has a high value and use. But this extensive and efficient resource requires factors and tools in validating and implying and requires high effort and accuracy. in implying and understanding the hadith Various tools are involved, and the rules and proofs for understanding hadith are considered the most important tools for understanding hadith, which reveal the correct and precise semantic layers of the text and the and mentalities and thoughts in mind of the author. One of the most important and practical rules in the knowledge of hadith jurisprudence is the rule of Ta’īll, which has been used in a relatively large number of hadiths In a purposeful addition format is used and has significant benefits such as explanation, generalization, allocation, etc. Therefore, the transmitters and jurists have paid special attention to which and have had various uses and interpretations of Ta’īll. Awareness of the perceptions of Ta’īll can reveal the importance of reasoning in understanding the hadith and show how to use Ta’īll to a great extent. Materials and Methods This research aims to explain the uses of the rule of Ta’īll and show how to use it practically through the analytical-descriptive method. The cases of using the Ta’īll rule in narrative and jurisprudential books such as "al-usul al-ama lilfiqh al-muqaran"; "tadhkerat al-fuqahā'; "mabādi' al-usul 'ilā 'ilm al-usul"; “ mukhtalif al-shia ”; "muntaha al-maṭlab"; "sharh al-urwat al-wuthqā"; "al-Istebṣār"; "madārik al-'aḥkam"; " al-Wāfi "; "biḥār al-anwār"; “ Rawdat al-Muttaqin fi Sharh Man La yahudhuruh al-Faqih"; "al-hadayiq al-nādirah"; “ Al-Mu’tabar fi Sharh Al-Mukhtasar ”; “mashariq al-shumus"; "kitab al-hajj"; “brāhin al-haja lelfuqaha' wa al-hujaj"; “ Al-Rawḍa al-bahīyya fī sharḥ al-lumʿat al-Dimashqīyya ” ; and some researches related to the Ta’īll rule like “ Examination of the Concept of Ta’īll ”, “ The Method of Ta’īll in the Qur'an ”, “ Ethical and Educational Ta’īlls of Imam Ali (AS) in Nahj al-Balagha ”, “ Understanding the Legal Ta’īll of the Transmission of Precepts from Nass to Other Cases in the Viewpoints of Islamic Sects ”, “ The Concept of Ta’īll in the Ethical Proposition of Ta’īll in the Qur'an and Hadith ”, and “ Types of Application of Analogy in Shia Jurisprudence Based on Jawaharlal Kalam ” have been analyzed. Results and Findings Some of the most important uses of Ta’īll in the understanding of the hadith show that this rule is very important for understanding the text and the intention of the Innocent Transmitter (Ma’sum), and it is used in the generalization of the verdict, the recognition of the verdict, the identification of the Taqiyyah Hadiths, and the preference of the overall meaning over the apparent meaning. However, neglecting the Ta’īll makes the meaning incomplete and imprecise and will make the ruling wrong; In such a way that the understanding and interpretation of hadith will go astray. Conclusion Imams, peace be upon them, as transmitters of hadith, have paid great attention to Ta’īll, and this great attention shows and confirms their eloquence and keeping in mind the precise concepts. For this reason, religious textual researchers have hired Ta’īll in the process of discovering the meaning and purpose of hadith in working with narrative texts; They have also paid attention to which in the inference stage of the rulling. This kind of dealing with Ta’īll shows the high position of which in textual research and understanding of hadith. In addition to correct and precise recognition of the verdict, Ta’īll can sometimes generalize the verdict to other cases and examples. It is also helpful in identifying Taqiyyah hadiths.
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