نظریه پیشگیری از مسئولیت قهری بر اساس مبانی فقهی و حقوقی (مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
درجه علمی: نشریه علمی (وزارت علوم)
آرشیو
چکیده
مسئولیت قهری نتایجی دارد که جبران کامل آنها در مواردی به علل مختلف ممکن نیست. به این خاطر پیشگیری از این نوع مسئولیت بهترین راه مقابله با خسارات ناشی از آن است. هرچند در منابع حقوقی ایران تاحدودی می توان به این نتیجه رسید که پیشگیری از مسئولیت خارج از قرارداد یک وظیفه عمومی است، لکن تاکنون به عنوان نظریه مستقلّ ارایه نشده است و این خلأ می تواند آثار نامناسبی داشته باشد. هدف انجام این پژوهش مطالعه امکان ارایه «نظریه پیشگیری از مسئولیت خارج از قرارداد بر اساس منابع فقهی و حقوقی» به عنوان نظریه ای مستقلّ در حقوق ایران بود. بر اساس نتایج به دست آمده امکان شناسایی این قاعده در حقوق ایران وجود دارد و بر اساس منابع موجود با ارایه نظریه پیشگیری از مسئولیت خارج از قرارداد می توان اشخاص را ملزم به پیشگیری از مسئولیت خارج از قرارداد نمود. این پیشگیری به دو شکل می تواند مطرح شود: پیشگیری ناظر به منع ورود خسارت توسط شخصی که اقدام به پیشگیری می کند و پیشگیری ناظر به رعایت مقررات جهت پیشگیری از ورود خسارت توسط دیگران.The Theory of Prevention of Tortious Liability Based on Jurisprudential and Legal Bases
Tortious Liability has consequences that due to various reasons cannot be fully compensated in certain cases. Therefore, preventing this type of responsibility is the best way to deal with the damages caused by it. Although based on Iranian legal sources, it can be concluded that the prevention of non-contractual liability is a general duty, this has not been formulated as an independent theory so far, and this gap may have inappropriate effects. The purpose of this research is to study the possibility of providing "the theory of prevention of non-contractual liability based on jurisprudential and legal sources" as an independent theory in Iranian law. According to the results obtained, it is possible to identify this rule in Iranian law, and based on the available sources, by providing the theory of prevention of non-contractual liability, individuals can be required to take measures to prevent such liability. This prevention can be presented in two ways: that which concerns prevention of damage by the person who is doing the preventing and that which is related to compliance with regulations to prevent damage by others.Overall, it can be stated that Despite the fact that the prevention of civil liability has not been identified in Iranian law, this rule can be deduced from some jurisprudential provisions and sources, and there are useful bases and sources that can be relied on to identify this rule and appropriate regulations in the field of prevention. Imposed civil liability. The existing codified laws have distanced themselves from the institution of prevention by limiting themselves to the existing regulations and relying on traditional and unhelpful intimidation in the necessity of compensation. Although this issue is useful in compensating for past losses, it does not explain the main function of the government and individuals, which is to prevent losses and damages. The legal vacuum in the issue of prevention and the possibility of evading responsibility in the assumption of creation with new tools (insurance), liens and other cases that lead to non-compensation of damages (lack of proper judicial system, delay of proceedings, etc.) reduces the intimidation effect of compensation. Has been in some cases, losses occur and insurance companies pay, and as a result, even though the cause of loss, who must compensate for the loss, does not incur losses, the intimidation intended by the legislator is not created. In some cases, damages may remain uncompensated. Based on the results of this research, prevention is the best tool to support people in non-contractual liability. If this goal is achieved, the society will be healthier and people will be safer in their activities. Life is more secure and social rights are supported. As a result, legal problems will be reduced and referrals to courts will be reduced.
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