قتل های سادیسمی در پزشکی و حقوق کیفری ایران (مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
درجه علمی: نشریه علمی (وزارت علوم)
آرشیو
چکیده
اهمیت جرم قتل از گذشته تا به امروز مورد توجه بوده است و این پدیده ی مجرمانه،نه تنها از لحاظ میزان مجازات پیش بینی شده برای آن، بلکه تعیین مسئولیت کیفری در این گونه از جنایت نیز بحث برانگیز است. چنانچه این جنایت توسط یک فرد به ظاهر نامتعارف چون شخص سادیسمی ارتکاب یابد عنوان قاتل سادیسمی را به خود می گیرد که در پهنه ی حقوق کیفری ایران به آن اشاره نشده است. بیماری روانی قاتل سادیسمی به طور عمده از دسته ی روان رنجوری می باشد، به نحوی که فرد ارتباط کاملی با واقعیت های بیرونی داشته و ادراک و اراده ی وی در وضعیتی می باشد که از نظر روانپزشکی و حقوق کیفری مسئول اعمال خود محسوب می شود، با این حال، چنانچه بیماری وی به حد روان پریشی برسد و فرد از دنیای واقعیات گسسته شود، دفاع و استناد به جنون قابل بررسی است. خارج از اختلاف موجود در باب تعاریف و ارکان قتل سادیسمی در این نوشتار در پی آن خواهیم بود که آیا اراده ی قاتل سادیسمی در حال ارتکاب قتل دارای اختلال بوده یا خیر و چنانچه اختلال روانی قاتل سادیسمی احراز گردد آیا می توان به جنون استناد کرد؟ همچنین قتل سادیسمی را از منظر پزشکی و حقوق کیفری بررسی می کنیم.Sadistic murders in medicine and criminal law in Iran
VThe importance of murder is understandable not only in terms of the amount of punishment provided for it, but also due to the determination of criminal liability in this type of crime which has been controversial. Therefore, it is possible to pay attention and impose punishment on the perpetrator of a crime if he has certain conditions and characteristics; This means that for the realization of criminal responsibility, the mere occurrence of material behavior is not enough; Rather, criminal behavior must be caused by a conventional, free and self-aware emotional state, and the issue becomes more controversial when the killer's motive for committing murder is to obtain pleasure and spiritual, physical and sexual satisfaction; If this acquisition of mental, physical and sexual pleasure leads to murder, along with harassment and violence, we will face a deviant criminal type that has another mental disorder, abuse or sadism; Serial killers, who usually kill their victims by torture and offend, can be considered as examples of sadistic killers, and in Iran, these kinds of murders are referred to as Sadistic Murder, which were no separate title in criminal law and In Iran, it can be considered under the rule of retribution, or else, it will be dealt with by the rules of punishment and atonement. Furthermore, it is noteworthy that one shall not ignore the pre-sadistic or metasadistic conditions or the conditions that expose people to become a sadist. Moreover, we shall underline the effects of metasadism in many crimes, including murder, factors such as heredity, individual and social failures, domestic violence in Childhood, social environment and such factors may lead a person to become sadistic. The study of the criminal type of such perpetrators who have criminal capacity and dangerous state will be of great help in the field of causes and treatment of this phenomenon; This requires that Other killers are annoying (sadistic killers) be studied from various dimensions so that we can formulate a disciplined system of criminal responsibility for them. A sadistic killer is neither mentally healthy nor without liability. The mental illness of a sadistic killer is mainly under the category of neurosis (neuros), in such a way that the person has full connection with external realities and his perception and will is in a situation that makes him responsible for his actions in terms of psychiatry and criminal law. If his/her illness reaches the level of psychosis and the person is cut off from the real world, the defense of madness can be applied. However, there are significant differences of opinion in the definition of insanity, the separation of total mental disorder from relative mental disorder, and the reference for the diagnosis of insanity. Historical research shows that the treatment of mental criminals by human societies has not been the same since the beginning of time and the reactions have changed according to the progress of human knowledge, but today in most countries of the world, regarding people with mental disorders, differential policy - Support is adopted. These legal protections for these people have caused some people to pretend to be crazy in order to get rid of the burden of criminal responsibility, so it is very important to determine the exact criteria in this matter. Iran's criminal law has had a protective approach towards these people from the beginning until now. In the latest legal developments in Iran's criminal law, Article 149 of the Islamic Penal Code approved in 1392 tried to resolve the flaws in Article 51 of the Islamic Penal Code approved in 1370, but the approach of this law towards people with relative mental disorders such as sadistic mental disorders is not clear. Certainly, mental disorders have a wide spectrum, some of which make a person irresponsible and some make a person relatively responsible. According to the criminal law of the Islamic Republic of Iran, a sadistic murderer has never been able to use the defense of her madness or mental illness and has been sentenced to the maximum legal punishment. In the present contribution, we consider whether the sadistic killer who committed the murder had any disorder or not and whether madness be invoked if a sadistic murderer is mentally disturbed? Sadism in murder is also examined from a medical and criminal law perspective.
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