واکاوی تساویِ مفهومیِ ایمان با معرفت و تصدیق در آراء متکلّمان مسلمان (مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
درجه علمی: نشریه علمی (وزارت علوم)
آرشیو
چکیده
ریشه «أمن» یکی از محوری ترین و اساسی ترین مفاهیم قرآنی و مسائل اعتقادی است. تفسیرهای متکثر و متعارض ایمان از نظر متکلمان اسلامی موجب شده تا برخی، دیگران را به کُفر – نقطه مقابلِ ایمان- متّهم کنند. اینکه ایمان را امری معرفتی شناختی بدانیم در دو حوزه معنایی به کار می رود: اول اینکه دست یابی به ایمان از طریق عقل و استدلال های عقلی حاصل می شود؛ دوم اینکه اساساً ماهیّت ایمان از جنس معرفت و شناخت است. پژوهش حاضر که به روش توصیفی- تحلیلی انجام پذیرفته، هیچ یک از این دو دیدگاه را قریب به صواب ندانسته و در صدد تبیین این مسئله است که ایمان می تواند بدون استدلال عقلی و معرفتی (به عنوان جزء ایمان) حاصل آید. برای اثباتِ این مدّعا ابتدا به بررسی اجمالیِ تلقّی متکلمان از ایمان پرداخته شده، تا نشان داده شود که صرفاً از سنخ معرفت نبودن ایمان و نیز عدم لزوم حصول آن از طریق استدلال عقلی ، نظریه ای است که در میان متکلمان اسلامی ریشه دارد و به نظر می رسد استدلال های این گروه قابل دفاع تر از گروه رقیب باشد. سپس با نگاهی مختصر به برخی از آیات، شواهدی بر اینکه ایمان از دیدگاه قرآن امری است مربوط به ساحت احساسی-عاطفیِ آدمی، آورده شده است.Analyzing the conceptual equality of faith with knowledge and confirmation in the opinions of Muslim theologians
The root of “A M A N A”, "أ م ن" is one of the most central and fundamental concepts of the Qur'an and religious issues. According to Islamic theologians, multiple and conflicting interpretations of faith have caused some to accuse others of disbelief - the opposite of faith. Considering faith as an epistemological-cognitive matter is used in two semantic areas: firstly, faith is achieved through reason and rational arguments; Second basically, the nature of faith is knowledge. The current research does not consider any of these two views to be correct and aims to explain the issue that faith can be achieved without any rational and epistemological reasoning. In order to prove this claim, first, a brief review of the theologians' understanding of faith has been done, to show that the lack of knowledge of faith and the necessity of obtaining it through rational reasoning is a theory that has its roots among Islamic theologians and is considered It seems that the arguments of this group are more defensible than the rival group. Then, with a brief look at some verses, evidences have been given that faith, from the perspective of the Qur'an, is related to the emotional-emotional sphere of a person. Introduction Since the compilation of the Qur'an, this holy book has been exposed to views and opinions among Muslim thinkers, including commentators, theologians, philosophers, jurists and mystics. Ambiguity in some key words of the Qur'an has caused disputes and, as a result, categories that plague Muslims to this day. Although this is not specific to Muslims and is more or less seen in all religions and rituals, it is going on in an acute and double way in the case of Islam and the Qur'an. One of these concepts is the concept of faith, which despite the detailed discussions of Islamic commentators and theologians, but it seems that the truth of faith is still in the aura of ambiguity and there have been detailed disputes over it throughout the history of Islam. There have been researches in this field, where the viewpoints of Islamic theologians, commentators and philosophers have been explained and criticized. What is the truth and nature of the heart's acknowledgment that is stated in most of the views and what is the main role in it is the focus of this research and it seeks to discover the connection between science and faith and accordingly find the truth and the main pillar of faith. Therefore, in order to reduce the differences and apparent conflicts of the verses, there is no other choice but to return to the text and carefully review the views of Muslim thinkers. The structure of the Qur'an's worldview about God, man and nature must be obtained from the heart of the Qur'an's text, and this is important through the analysis of the main and flow-forming words, terms, and concepts of the Qur'an, taking into account the cultural and geographical background of the Qur'an's revelation. It is possible. Discussion and Results Since the perfection of a person and his salvation from the perspective of the Qur'an, as will be explained, is dependent on faith, and the lack of faith causes a person to fall, and on the other hand, as Islamic thinkers had already accepted that the happiness of a person depends on the realization of reason and its activity. Therefore, without paying enough attention to the logic of the Qur'an, they considered faith as a rational concept related to the power of cognition. In the books of Islamic ethics and Kalam, special attention has been paid to the development of reason and rationality, but almost no attention has been paid to the development of feelings and emotions. In this article, I would like to say that the concept of faith in the Qur'an, contrary to the general view of theologians, is not a matter of knowledge of the type of belief and opinion. Rather, it is related to human feelings and emotions. In the Islamic tradition, due to the predominance of Aristotle's view of man and the definitio
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