شناسایی مدل پارادایمی «توسعه نوآوری در مؤسسات خیریه ایران» (یک نظریه زمینه ای)
آرشیو
چکیده
«نوآوری» پیش فرض ضروری هر فعالیت مداوم رقابتی است. در عرصه فعالیت های اجتماعی و به ویژه اقتصادی، گوی سبقت را کسی می رباید که بتواند راهکارها و منابع تداوم نوآوری سازمان خود را بهتر و بیشتر بشناسد. امروزه مؤسسات خیریه در ایران بیش از هر زمان دیگری وارد عرصه رقابت شده اند و متخصصان، وجود بازار رقابت سخت و جدی در بخش های مختلف به ویژه برای جذب و حفظ حامیان را در میان مؤسسات خیریه تأیید می کنند؛ رقابتی که دیرزمانیست در مؤسسات خیریه کشورهای توسعه یافته و در پی پذیرش خیریه در بستر صنایع فرهنگی به طور جدی سازماندهی شده و جریان دارند. در این پژوهش، راهکارها و منابع توسعه نوآوری در مؤسسات خیریه ایران مطالعه شد. بدین منظور از روش تحقیق کیفی گراندد تئوری، با ابزار مصاحبه عمیق نیمه ساختاریافته با 6 نفر از خبرگان حوزه خیریه، به صورت نمونه گیری هدفمند استفاده شد و پژوهش تا رسیدن به مدل پارادایمی ادامه یافت. نتایج به دست آمده نشان دادند عواملی چون ویژگی های مدیر، قدرت میانجی ها، شبکه شدن، تشکیل نظام جامع امر خیر، ارتباطات میان فرهنگی از تأثیرگذارترین عوامل توسعه نوآوری در مؤسسات خیریه کشور هستند و محوری ترین مقوله شناسایی شده، بهره مندی از دانش بازار است. برنامه ریزی راهبردی و تعیین اهداف و روش ها براساس دانش روزآمد بازار موجب می شود شرایط گوناگون و زمینه های لازم برای توسعه نوآوری، فراهم و به تبع آن، ارتباط میان فرهنگی و تکثرگرا که زمینه ساز تحولاتی جدی در عرصه امر خیر هستند، در خیریه ها محقق شوند.متن
Identifying the paradigm model of "Innovation Development in Iranian Charities"
Introduction "Innovation" is the essential premise of any continuous competitive activity. In the field of social activities, especially economic ones, a leading person is someone who can better and more know the strategies and sources of continuity of innovation of his organization. Today, charities in Iran are more competitive than ever. Experts acknowledge the existence of a tough competition market in various sectors, especially to attract and retain sponsors among charities; the competition that has been going on for a long time in the charities of developed countries following the acceptance of charity in the context of cultural industries. The main purpose of this study is to discover strategies and resources for innovation development in Iranian charities. The two main questions of this research are: "What are the sources of innovation in Iranian charities?" and "What are the methods and factors of development of these resources?". The results show that factors such as managerial characteristics, power of mediators, networking, and formation of a comprehensive system of good deeds, industrial view, and intercultural relations are the most influential factors in the development of innovation in charities. But of all the sources identified, the most central is the use of market knowledge. Strategic planning and setting goals and methods based on up-to-date market knowledge provide the various conditions and grounds for the development of innovation, and as a result, an industrial and pluralistic view and intercultural relations, that are the foundation for serious developments in charities Research Methodology This qualitative research was conducted using the grounded theory method, which is the "inductive" method of theory discovery. The steps of the research were carried out in accordance with the proposal of Strauss and Corbin (۱۹۹۸) through three-step coding of data obtained from in-depth semi-structured interviews with ۶ experts and charity managers, who were selected by non-probability purposeful snowball sampling. Having successful and effective innovative experience at different levels of charity organization management has been the main selection indicator. One of the most important characteristics of the samples is having more than ten years of management experience in charitable institutions as well as master's and doctorate education related to activities in charitable institutions. The interviews continued until the categories were saturated and the model was presented. Research Findings According to the main goal of this research, which is to provide a paradigm model for the development of innovation in Iranian charities based on the opinions of experts, five categories including "causal", "background", "pivotal", "interventionist" and "strategies" (Cresswell, ۲۰۰۵:۳۹۸) were extracted. And the paradigm model was designed through the relationship between these five categories. The findings show that in this research, "the need for charitable institutions to benefit from market knowledge" is the most frequent and important component of the experts' attention, and the existence of innovative managers and attention to the innovative economy is one of the most important reasons for its realization. Also, factors such as manpower training and research, on one hand, provide the necessary background for benefiting from the latest knowledge of the market, and on the other hand, make strategic planning and setting goals and methods possible based on this knowledge, and fulfill the necessary conditions for the realization of strategies in charities, including the development of internal and external communication and intercultural relations with an emphasis on pluralism. Also, factors such as networking and the formation of a comprehensive system of good deeds are among the most important factors that facilitate the benefit of the latest knowledge of the market and accelerate and facilitate strategies. However, several factors such as the lack of trust between people and charities and the tendency of charities to maintain the traditional approach, and not believing in the innovative economic system hinder attention to market knowledge and cause the delay or lack of development of innovation and the realization of strategies in charitable institutions. Discussion and conclusion In this research, "innovation" is known as a way to improve the performance of charities; a solution by which the neglected potentials in the essence of good deeds can be used to improve the efficiency of charitable institutions, from providing services to the needy to improving the country's position in international organizations and action for world peace. Our paradigm model shows that the charity market in Iran is very dynamic and has intense competition in the fundraising sector. Research shows that survival in this competitive environment requires the design and regular implementation of programs based on creative and innovative capital attraction, which in turn requires the preparation of new ideas (Bennett & Savani, ۲۰۱۱:۱۲۱; Pullan & Hiwaizi, ۲۰۰۹:۳۲). From this point of view, benefiting from innovative economy and market knowledge, which leads to organizing the competition, systematizing relationships and improving the quantity and quality of activities, can be considered one of the main sources of innovation development in charities. The present research is the first research that has studied the sources of innovation in Iranian charities and provided practical solutions to increase innovation in these charities. The unique features of this research are that it has examined and introduced the charities that have succeeded in using these solutions, for example, "Mehrane Zanjan" in taking advantage of "extensive communication" and "specialization", "Ala" in "indigenous knowledge production" and "development of knowledge and research", "Raad al-Ghadir" in networking, "Abshar Atefeh" and "Raad" in benefiting from the "potential of mediators and facilitators", etc.
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