Satan

Semantics in time (historical) is one of the lexical semantic methods in the holy texts, which by identifying the components of the word, examines the specific concept throughout history and shows its evolutions, ups and downs. The concept of Satan has changed throughout history and has a long-standing connection with the holy texts. The use of the word "devil" in Pishatohid is related to concepts such as evil, jinn, evil spirits, which are intertwined with the function of evil and filth. In the Abrahamic religions of Christianity, Judaism and Islam, Satan was recognized as a creature from the fallen divine position. The lexical application of this concept in the holy texts, with various characteristics of intelligent, experimental, benevolent, concrete and abstract dual status, indicates the interaction of the believers of these texts with heterogeneous civilizations and its metamorphosis. In the meantime, the Qur'an tells a special meaning of the devil with a systematic narrative in a special discourse. This research with a descriptive-analytical method, based on the application of action, expresses the transformation of the concept of Satan in the narration of the Torah, the Bible and the Holy Quran with a historical method (in time).

Based on the cognitive perspective of Johnson (1987) regarding Searle's speech act theory, each utterance carries different types of metaphorical forces. These forces are reflected in the container of the utterance, its impact on the listener, the intensity level, and the speech's external effects. Using this cognitive viewpoint to explain Searle's theory, the present study analyzes the report of the Holy Qur'an about the conversation between God and Satan and between Adam and Satan in the first encounter between Satan and Adam. Examining the corpus of 60 verses showed that three schemata of compulsion, removal of restraint, and blockage can be seen in the mentioned speech acts. God blocks Satan's compulsion force in arguing for his superiority over humans and his reasoning is refuted. God's declarative force, which is a compulsion force schema, can be observed in expelling Satan from the place of angels. On the other hand, Satan's speech acts are representative/assertive and commissive, without any real effect. The strong commissive force of Satan to mislead most humans is nullified for the audience of the Qur'an with God's force of removal of restraint. At the end of the battle and on the Day of Resurrection, contrary to all previous cases, Satan's words with humans lack force, which shows that he is in an inferior position.