prayer

Background: Research shows that there is a relationship between religion and spirituality with social behavior and mental health. Among the different religions, Muslims have the largest number in the world. Muslims pray five times a day. Aim: The purpose of this study was to review previous findings on the effect of Salat (Muslim prayer) on the mental and psychological health of people. Materials and Methods: More than 50 articles were reviewed and finally the most relevant articles were separated and analyzed. Results: The results indicate that there is a direct relationship between Salat and increasing the desire to live, hope, endurance of hardship, feeling happy and happiness, hope for recovery in patients. Also, prayer has an inverse relationship with anxiety and depression, despair, despair, dissatisfaction with life, discomfort with illness and problems. Conclusion: According to these findings, doctors and researchers in the health sector are expected to conduct new studies without religious and belief bias in order to understand and improve the mental and psychological conditions of patients, so that the mechanisms involved in these positive effects are revealed and possibly insight new in the process of improving people's mental and psychological conditions.

Prayer ( Ṣalāt ) is one of the pillars of Islam. This research aims to introduce prayer in Judaism and Islam, compare them, and articulate the similarities and differences. A descriptive-inductive method was employed, examining the Torah texts related to the features of prayer in Judaism. Furthermore, contemporary practices of prayer among Jews were collected and compared with the features of prayer in Islam. The findings show that prayer in Judaism does not derive its legitimacy from the Holy Scriptures but has undergone changes over time and remains subject to further modification. Also, the form of prayer in Judaism differs from that in Islam; Islam's prayer includes standing ( Qīyām ), bowing ( Rukūʻ ), prostration ( Sujūd ), ritual purity ( Ṭahārah ), and a direction of prayer ( Qiblah ), while Judaism has no fixed form. Although bowing is more common among Jews, it is entirely optional, and a condition like ritual purity before prayer, which is essential in Islam, does not exist in Judaism.