مطالب مرتبط با کلیدواژه

index


۱.

Rethinking Attitude towards English as a Foreign Language in Cameroon: A Case Study

کلیدواژه‌ها: attitude EFL official bilingualism Cameroon AMTB index

حوزه های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۷۳ تعداد دانلود : ۶۵
The present work is a contribution to the debate around attitude towards English as a foreign language in Cameroon. By case-studying an under-searched area through a multi-component tool: the Attitude and Motivation Test Battery, it proposes a different reflection to the question. The test was administered to 211 Grade 11, 12, and 13 Francophone students from various urban and semi-urban schools in the city and its suburbs. It was based on the postulates that attitude is a dynamic characteristic that varies according to place and time on the one hand, and that it is far too complex to be examined from the prism of a single variable. The results revealed that of the six parameters that made up the three components of the tool, three were negative and three were positive, with the integrative orientation slightly outpacing the instrumental one. This underscores the need to envisage attitude as a multi-component variable, as well as the need to reckon with evolving social variables. In general, the results reveal that attitude towards EFL is not as desperate as usually thought. It can be intimated that recent socio-political initiatives aiming at reinforcing French-English bilingualism are gradually bearing fruits. Thus, socio-political ideologies appear to have significant effects on overall attitude towards EFL.
۲.

Evaluating Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) line three in Tehran with international standards and providing solutions to improve it(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

کلیدواژه‌ها: Ranking index BRT evaluation standards

حوزه های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۶۲ تعداد دانلود : ۶۶
The bus system in a high-speed public transportation systems are equipped with modern technology that due to accuracy, speed and flexibility have been considered as one of the improvement solutions in Tehran's public transport system. In this article the performance of BRT line three of Tehran has been evaluated based on the established standard in 2013, developed by the Institute for Development Policy and Public Transportation (ITDP) through the rankings and SWOT models. Research method of the present article is comparative and descriptive - analytical. Our results show that BRT line three in Tehran with total score 50 has the basic rank and close to bronze according to international standards. After introducing the evaluation model for BRT system and factors affecting the system, strategies to promote the quality and quantity of BRT line three have been presented.