health behavior

Introduction: Given the importance of screening as one of the health behaviors in cervical cancer, the aim of this study is to develop and evaluate the psychometric characteristics of Cervical Cancer Screening Behavior Scale (CCSBS). Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 376 women who referred to Javaheri Health Center during the study period due to health problems, were selected through convenience sampling method. Then, the scale was developed and its content and face validities were examined. To ensure divergent and convergent validity, Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS-21) was used. Internal consistency method (Cronbach's alpha) was used to determine the reliability of the questionnaire. Finally, confirmatory factor analysis was used to assess the construct validity of the CCSBS and SPSS and LISREL software were applied for analyzing data. Results: The findings of this study provided strong supports, which confirmed the content and face validities. Regarding the convergent and divergent validity, perceived vulnerability, perceived severity and deterioration, and perceived barriers have a direct and significant relationship with the three variables of depression, anxiety, and stress. On the other hand, perceived motivation had a significant inverse correlation with all three variables of depression, anxiety, and stress. Additionally, perceived self-efficacy had a significant inverse correlation with depression. The results of the Cronbach's alpha indicated the appropriate internal consistency of the whole questionnaire and its components. Cronbach's alpha for the whole questionnaire was 0.78. According to confirmatory factor analysis, the goodness of fit indicators of proposed model was confirmed and the paths were significant. Conclusion: CCSBS is a reliable and valid tool for measuring the screening behavior of cervical cancer in Iranian women and it appears to be a comprehensive and useful tool for assessing women's beliefs related to cervical cancer and cervical cancer screening.

The present study aimed to investigate the causal pattern of the relationship between personality variables and coronavirus-related health attitudes mediated by the internal locus of control, and the moderating role of self-esteem in students. The sample participants consisted of 150 students of varying educational levels who completed the Health Behavior, Health Attitude, Internal Locus of Control, risk-taking, self-esteem, and conscientiousness and neuroticism questionnaires, online and through messaging applications (Telegram and WhatsApp). To analyze data, structural equation modeling (SEM) was used to measure fitness of the model and examine direct relationships. Measurement of the mediator relationship was assessed via, Bootstrap, and the moderator relations were examined with hierarchical regression. The results showed that the model's fitness well with the data and all direct relationships, except the relationship between risk-taking, and health attitudes were confirmed. The findings also confirmed the mediating role of the internal locus of control in the relationship between personality traits and health attitudes. The results further indicated the moderating role of self-esteem in the relationship between the internal locus of control and students' health attitudes. In other words, the relationship between the internal locus of control and health attitudes in students with higher self-esteem is stronger than the relationship in which students reported lower self-esteem. The results also confirmed the moderating role of self-esteem in the relationship between neuroticism and students' health attitudes. In other words, the relationship between neuroticism and health attitudes in students with lower self-esteem is stronger than the relationship in which students reported higher self-esteem