Aspirations

Mental health plays an essential role in ensuring the dynamism and efficiency of any society. Entering the university is a challenging life event for young adults; because students encounter changes in social communication, expectations, and roles. As a result, they are susceptible to experiencing stress and anxiety that could affect their functions. The present study was done to present the causal model of the effect of intrinsic and extrinsic aspirations on mental health about the mediating role of irrational beliefs. The research method was descriptive correlational. To do this, 250 students from Allameh Tabatabaei University were selected via available sampling and then answered a self-report questionnaire consisting of four Factors of Irrational Beliefs Test-Ahvaz (4IBT-A; Ebadi and Motamedi, 2005), General Health Questionnaire (28- GHQ; Goldberg & Hiller, 1979), and Aspiration Index (AI; Grouzet et al., 2005). Data analysis was administered in two parts of latent and observed variables via structural equation modeling using AMOS software. The results showed that extrinsic aspirations positively predict irrational beliefs and intrinsic aspirations negatively predict irrational thoughts; intrinsic aspirations, directly and indirectly, affect mental health; but extrinsic aspirations have no direct effect on mental health; instead, they can reduce students' mental health mediating irrational beliefs. Also, irrational beliefs had a causal and immediate impact on mental health.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the situation of football refereeing in Iran using the SOAR framework. The method of the present study was descriptive-analytical with an applied nature. The SOAR analytical technique was used to collect information from interviews and form focus groups, formulate a development strategy and explain the strengths, opportunities, aspirations, and measurable results. The study's statistical population included all national and international football referees in the country, and the sample was purposefully selected (n=151). The research instrument was based on an exploratory study and rewriting of basics, interviews, and similar studies by the researcher, whose content validity was confirmed by experts, and its reliability was confirmed by Cronbach's alpha (α=0.89). The results showed that the existence of many interested in football refereeing, the great interest of Iranian youth in football refereeing, the establishment of national and international refereeing courses, and the emergence of Iranian referees in the first place in Asia, respectively the most critical priorities in terms of strengths, opportunities, aspirations, and results. According to the findings, to improve refereeing at the global level, it is necessary to formulate a strategic plan based on the brand-based model that can align all the potentials in the country with its overall refereeing goal.