Infallibility

The Holy Qur'an has ignited the torch of enlightenment in beliefs and raised the flag of the struggle against superstition, by which the true truth is known and the narrations can be evaluated. Among the realities of the universe are the angels whose infallibility are disputed; Some believe in the infallibility of the angels, while some do not. Each group brings its reasons for its special idea. This article aims to investigate the infallibility of angels based on the library method and by referring to the basic religious sources, i.e. the Qur’an, interpretive and narrative collections. So, it introduces a theory based on the Holy Qur’an. As a result, findings show that the three-fold reasons, not only lack strength and dynamism, they also support the infallibility of the angels in some cases. In other cases, the narrations about Hārūt and Mārūt are attributed to Ka'b al-Ahbār in the form of marfū' and date back to the Israelite. In terms of content, since they do not compatible to the Qur’an and there is no reason for their being a symbolism, they oppose the clear text of the Qur’an concerning the infallibility of the angels; for some verses affirm the appearance of the angels and some affirm their infallibility.

One of the controversial issues is the infallibility of the prophets, which has long been a point of contention among Islamic scholars. Hence, each of the Islamic sects has a different opinion on this issue; However, all of them have absolutely accepted the principle of the infallibility of the prophets. Among the Islamic sects that accept the infallibility of the prophets and have a different view from the other is the Shiite Imamiyah. A small number of Imamis do not consider infallibility from error and mistake in ordinary affairs necessary for an infallible person and consider negligence and forgetfulness in these matters permissible; However, according to Imami scholars, the prophets are immune from all minor and major sins from childhood and even before puberty, and they are infallible in all matters. Accordingly, this article, with the aim of “knowing and getting acquainted with the famous opinion of Imami scholars”, deals with the scope and realm of the infallibility of the prophets and answers some doubts about this issue in order to clarify it according to the famous imami scholars, which in fact originates from Imams’ words, the Shiite Imams accept the infallibility of the prophets and do not accept any negligence or forgetfulness in any of the affairs and stages of their lifetime.

Shia and Sunni commentators have come to understand some of the rules of the Qur'anic verses, and to understand and analyze these rules as one of the requirements of identifying and classifying various interpretative methods. While they have often not only have not explained the rules they have adopted, but also they have even used interpretive rules without specifying the rules, even under different names. Therefore, in order to evaluate the interpretive methods of the interpreters, one has to discover their unknown rules. The interpretive rule of "Beat one to frighten another" is one of the rules that this paper seeks to streamline its use in the Shia and Sunni interpretations in various times. This rule has been used by most Shia and Sunni commentators since its inception, sometimes by name and sometimes without mentioning the phrase "Beat one to frighten another" and has often been used to justify and analyze the verses blaming the Prophet. In the meantime, Shi''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''ite commentators have used this rule far more in the prophetic transcendence, in line with stricter theological principles in the field of infallibility. Examining many cases of the use of the interpretive rule of "Beat one to frighten another" in the multiple interpretations of Shia and Sunni regarding their time periods, suggests that commentators have never had a fixed and consistent method to use it, and they have often used this rule as a loophole. As even in the context of the verses of blame, not only have they not used this interpretive rule in a fixed way and below the specified verses, but also, when there is no collective way between the Book and the infallibility of the prophets, they have used the rule of "Beat one to frighten another" in a dispersed and unpredictable way along with some other rules.

The infallibility of Imams (AS) is one of the true beliefs of Shiites, for the Imam is the messenger of God and the guardian of the Divine religion. This fundamental belief has been disputed and challenged by the Shiite opponents, among them are the misconceptions raised by Dr. Qaffārī. His doubts include, for instance, the doubt that this belief has been innovative concerning its background, the rejection of Shiite reasons for infallibility regarding the Qur'an and intellect, and the fruitlessness of this belief for Shi’a. This study, first, deals with the doubts of Qaffārī about infallibility and then answers the doubts and objections raised in this regard, relying on the verses of the Holy Qur’an and Shiite and Sunni commentaries. Referring to the Holy Qur'an, it is proved that the subject of infallibility is mixed with the position of Imamate and succession. Accordingly, the source of division among the Islamic Ummah is the lack of belief in the infallibility of the Messenger of God (PBUH) and his successors, which has caused seditions and disputes since the death of the Prophet (PBUH) until now. As a result, to come out of the current conditions of the Islamic world, Muslims should believe in the necessity of obeying the Infallible 'Ul al-'Amr.