Tafsir

Considering that the Qur'an was revealed and translated in Arabic, the translation is the only way to transfer the valuable meanings of the verses of this book. Some scholars in this field, as translators and commentators, have transferred the Qur'anic verses from Arabic to other languages, including Persian, and have paved the way of referring to dictionaries. The current research, with descriptive-analytical method, deals with the issue of how the contemporary Persian translations of the Holy Qur’an have transferred the good interpretations of the Qur’an in the word "Rafth" to the target language. Before dealing with this issue, the word "Rafth" has been analyzed in the Qur'an, Iʿrāb al-Qur'an, dictionaries and interpretations. Then, under the discussed verses, contemporary Persian translations are compared, and finally, the appropriate translation of this word is chosen according to its structure.  The result of the research is that a number of translators have used Arabic (Mu'arrab) and long (Iṭnāb) words to translate this word. And they have included Arabic synonyms in their translation language.

Tafsīr literature has a long and rich history among all fields of Islamic sciences. In spite of this, it has not been able to form an independent scientific discipline along with all its dimensions. We believe that to turn Tafsīr into science, it is necessary to take some measures, including redefining the basic terms. This paper aims to provide some possible answers to the problem of defining, namely, what the most important terms in the Tafsīr field are, and how to come up with comprehensive definitions for its terms. Building on terminological evidence, this descriptive-analytical research discusses the formation of the four terms “Tafsīr” (interpretation), “Mabnā” (basis), “Aṣl” (principle) and “Qā'ida” (rule), as the key concepts in the Tafsīr field. We argued that these terms must be redefined through terminological methods. We believe that the very concept of Tafsīr means expressing the meanings and practical contents (Mūfād Isti ‘ mālī) of the Qur’ānic verses and discovering their Purposes (Maqāsid) and Referents (Madālīl). The Mabānī al-Tafsīr are the basic concepts and macro scientific presumptions for the Qur’ānic text. Finally, the term “Uṣūl al-Tafsīr” are radical components with a Qur’ānic nature which are the mediator between “Mabnā” and “Qā‘ida”.

The infallibility of Imams (AS) is one of the true beliefs of Shiites, for the Imam is the messenger of God and the guardian of the Divine religion. This fundamental belief has been disputed and challenged by the Shiite opponents, among them are the misconceptions raised by Dr. Qaffārī. His doubts include, for instance, the doubt that this belief has been innovative concerning its background, the rejection of Shiite reasons for infallibility regarding the Qur'an and intellect, and the fruitlessness of this belief for Shi’a. This study, first, deals with the doubts of Qaffārī about infallibility and then answers the doubts and objections raised in this regard, relying on the verses of the Holy Qur’an and Shiite and Sunni commentaries. Referring to the Holy Qur'an, it is proved that the subject of infallibility is mixed with the position of Imamate and succession. Accordingly, the source of division among the Islamic Ummah is the lack of belief in the infallibility of the Messenger of God (PBUH) and his successors, which has caused seditions and disputes since the death of the Prophet (PBUH) until now. As a result, to come out of the current conditions of the Islamic world, Muslims should believe in the necessity of obeying the Infallible 'Ul al-'Amr.