collaborative

purpose: The purpose of this research was to identify Dimensions and Components of Human Resource Efficiency in Medical Universities of Iran: To Present a Conceptual Model. Methods: This research regarding the aim of that is an applied research type and in terms of implementation method categories in descriptive-survey and correlational research applying the Delphi fuzzy model. The statistical population of the study consisted of 27 college experts who participated in this research as a decision team in identifying indicators and dimensions of variables chosen by non-random (targeted) and snowball methods Findings: The findings of the research show that human resource productivity indicators are divided into seven main categories (structural-managerial, socio-psychological, cultural, individual, economic, environmental, initiation and cooperation) and 56 subsidiary indexes. These findings were obtained through three steps back and forth of expert questionnaires, fuzzy and defuzzification of responses. Conclusion: The results of the research indicate that it is possible to improve the skills of the staff and increase the productivity of human resources by their appropriate training, guidance and participation.

The present study was conducted to investigate the impact of collaborative output tasks on Iranian intermediate EFL learners’ knowledge of active/passive voice. The main question this study tried to investigate was whether there would be any significant difference between the means of the two participant groups in a grammar posttest if the groups were taught with two different teaching methods. The participants of the study comprised 40 EFL learners. They were divided into two experimental and control groups. Each group consists of 20 participants. The control group received the traditional treatment while the experimental group was taught active/passive voice through collaborative output tasks. Two similar tests were prepared as the pretest and posttest to measure the students’ active/passive voice knowledge at the beginning and end of the study. To analyze the data, a series of paired sample t-tests and independent sample t-tests were run. The results showed that participants in the experimental group had a better performance than the control group. Consequently, it was concluded that the utilization of collaborative output tasks in teaching active/passive voice led to a higher level of knowledge improvement.