Correlation analysis

This study aimed to determine the relationship between L2 learners' autonomy and their cognitive style focusing on reflectivity. It was conducted with 140 Iranian M.A. EFL learners from Department of English at Islamic Azad University of Najafabad. In order to have a homogeneous sample, the second version of Quick Placement Test (QPT) was administered. Then, 85 lower and 50 higher proficiency students were selected based on the scoring level chart of the QPT. In order to estimate participants' autonomy, the Learner Autonomy Questionnaire was administered. Then, the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire was used to determine the participants' degree of reflectivity. To answer the research questions descriptive statistics and correlation analysis were employed. The results revealed that, 1) There was a weak positive relationship between low proficiency L2 learners' level of autonomy and their degree of reflectivity, 2) There was a strong positive relationship between high proficiency L2 learners' level of autonomy and their degree of reflectivity. Finally, the implications of the study for EFL teachers, learners and syllabus designers were discussed.

The Russian Federation, as an energy-oriented and developing country, has suffered a great large-scale damage under the influence of COVID-19. In the economic and political spheres, the Russian government has adopted various  strategies to reduce the negative effects exerted by the pandemic. On the other hand, Russia is known as the first country to unveil and offer the first Coronavirus vaccine. At the same time, however, the policies pursued by the Russian government have been criticized. This study tries to measure the impact of the pandemic as an exogenous shock on important Russian economic variables. The main question in this study is what effect has the Corona epidemic had on the Russian economy? To answer to this research question, correlation analysis was used to evaluate the relationship between different variables and the number of deaths because of Coronavirus. According to the results of this study, the Coronavirus has affected the process of all Russian economic variables except for economic growth. This highlights the necessity of the implementation of exact plans and policies to maintain a stable economic recovery in the post-COVID era in this country.