Seljuk

Defensive fortifications in different regions of Iran have been an effective factor in the survival ‎of residential centers and commercial routes. An investigation on defensive structures will ‎provide useful information on this kind of architecture. The study of remains of castles in the ‎Rey region has provided an important context for archaeological research. In the present ‎study, the Seljuk fortifications (Rashkān fortress, Gabri and Kāsni Castles) are introduced and ‎recognized as inner city castles. It aims at identifying and studying the Seljuk fortifications of ‎Rey, identifying the function of inner city fortifications, and comparing them with other samples ‎in neighboring regions in terms of characteristics. The data were gathered through field and ‎documentary studies while an analytical-historical method was applied in the course of the ‎research. Important questions intended to be addressed were: 1. what has been the role of ‎Seljuk fortifications of Rey in security provision of the region? 2. In which categories can the ‎Seljuk fortifications of Rey be classified in terms of structural characteristics and architectural ‎classification? Among the Seljuk fortifications of Rey, Kohandez (e.g. Rashkān Fortress) had ‎functioned as the political headquarters, and in other inner city castles, larger circular towers ‎have been usually located in four angles and interspersed with subsidiary towers. These types of ‎defensive architecture indicate the progress in the urban construction and security provision. ‎

In the 5th AH / 11th AD century, the Seljuk government was formed in Iran, and over time, they were able to defeat the Abbasid caliphs in Baghdad and the Eastern Roman empire in Anatolia. Before the 5th AH / 11th AD, the Anatolian region was under the domination of the Christian Romans and the churches were considered the religious architecture in this region. The purpose of this research is to investigate the evolution of Seljuks of Rum and Ottoman mosque architecture and the influencing factors in the formation of mosque architecture in the Anatolian region, which was carried out by field, library and descriptive, adaptive and analytical approaches. The results show that the architecture of early Islamic mosques , Roman architecture and Seljuks of Iran played a significant role in the formation of Seljuk architecture in Anatolia , and local architecture played an important role in the formation and evolution of Anatolian mosque architecture