Hafiz

Love, this eminent humane experience, has been explored not only by writers and poets, but also by philosophers, psychologists and even experimental scientists. This paper aims to discuss a novel aspect in phenomenology of love, as the concept of destructive and constructive nature of love, which is to the best of our knowledge, presented for the first time. The fundamental idea of this paper was obtained from verses of Hafiz, then polished by theories of Robert Cloninger and several other thinkers in the field of human emotions. Many verses of Hafiz display love experience as a necessary step towards growth, in a way that could be evinced further by the development of the "self-aware psych" introduced by Cloninger. He introduces the "self-aware psych" as one of the three constituting domains of human mind and personality, the intuitive essence bringing integrity for personality. If self-aware psych flourishes by favorable growth and development, it would prepare the ground for creativity, wisdom and well-being, otherwise, personality disorders would be contingent. The destructive and constructive nature of love, towards development of self-awareness and mental growth, is further determined by re-explaining the proposed theory of "ego as a complex" by Carl Jung, the theory of "network of intentionality" by John Searle, and the theory of "emotional processing" by Edna Foa and Michael Kozak in this context.

This study is accomplished in order to find out whether the following piece of verse can be considered as the sign of Mahdaviyyat in Hafiz ’s worldview: ‘Before the cavalry of his fancy, the black and the white of my eye, I sent; in the hope that the imperial horse rider might come back.’ (Hafiz Diwan ed. Ghani & Ghazvini 235/2. ) The authors hypothesize that Hafiz has reflected a prospective climate in the aforementioned ghazal (lyric) and taking his life and other allusions in his Diwan into consideration, it could at least be said that there are views which can be counted as to be in accordance with Mahdaviyyat philosophy. It also shows that Hafiz had been acquainted with Morabete (stationing), which is an old Islamic tradition being stressed by Holy Prophet and Shia Imams. Using descriptive-analytic approach, this study is about to analyze this tradition from the point of view of Quran and Islamic narrations. The findings of this study can play a basic role in true analysis of this ghazal , tracing Hafiz’s belief in Mahdaviyyat vision, and in the definition of Morabete (stationing).

Leben in unserer globalen Welt, mit ihrem täglich zunehmenden Aufeinandertreffen oder der gegenseitigen Durchdringung verschiedener Kulturen, erfordert eine ständige interkulturelle Auseinandersetzung mit dem Anderen, dem Fremden und dem Nicht-Vertrauten. Dies ist der Versuch, den Anderen in seinem Sein und So-Sein zu verstehen und anzuerkennen. Ziel dieses Versuchs ist es, eine Möglichkeit der Horizonterweiterung und des gemeinsamen Denkens zu schaffen, anstatt lediglich Gemeinsamkeiten und Unterschiede zu entdecken. Literatur ist dabei, als allgemeines Substrat, das die Grenzen aller Disziplinen überschreitet, das wichtigste Medium dieser Begegnung. Unter allen literarischen Gattungen nimmt die Dichtung als „hervorragender“ Text die bedeutendste Rolle ein, da sie uns zu den tiefen Wurzeln der Gedanken, Gefühle, Ansichten und Überzeugungen von Kulturen führt. Dieser Versuch eines gegenseitigen Verstehens ist jedoch mit Schwierigkeiten, Hindernissen, Unverständlichkeiten und Missverständnissen verbunden. Diese Störungen treten besonders bei der Übersetzung und Interpretation von Poesie, insbesondere von Lyrik, in fremde Sprachen auf, was diese fast unübersetzbar macht. Diese Barrieren werden deutlich bei den Bemühungen deutscher Autoren, die Ghazale des großen iranischen Dichters Hafis zu übertragen. Dieser Aufsatz versucht, exemplarisch die verschiedenen Facetten dieser Schwierigkeiten anhand einiger deutscher Übersetzungen des Ghazals 152 aus seinem Divan kurz aufzuzeigen.