مطالب مرتبط با کلیدواژه

East


۱.

Dialogue of Civilizations The Reconciliation of the East and West as Envisaged by Mohammad Iqbal(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

نویسنده:
منبع: مطالعات شبه قاره تابستان ۱۳۹۱ شماره ۱۱
تعداد بازدید : ۸۷۰ تعداد دانلود : ۴۶۸
Abstract The world has always suffered from strife,conflicts and violence arising due to differences of race, color, ethnicity, creed, religion and region. In today’s world, many statesmen and political analysts have attributed conflicts and strife to ‘Clash of Civilizations’ particularly between the Eastern and Western world. Therefore, the world today desperately needs to talk about ‘Dialogue of Civilizations’ rather than ‘Clash of Civilizations’ to preserve peace and amity. One of the greatest philosopher-poets and a visionary of the 20th century, Mohammad Iqbal, has attempted such dialogue through his works specially poetry. This paper discusses how his critique of the West as well as the East was aimed at reconciliation of the two, and not rejection leading to conflicts.
۲.

The Role of R&D in Trade Expansion: A Semi-parametric Gravity Specification for East and West Asia(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

نویسنده:
منبع: International Economics Studies, ۴۴, Issue ۱, Spring and Summer ۲۰۱۴ 15 - 26

کلیدواژه‌ها: Research and Development (R& amp؛؛D)؛ Trade؛ Gravity Model؛ Semi-parametric Analysis؛ East-West Asia D) Trade Gravity Model semi parametric Analysis East West Asia

حوزه‌های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۳۶۳ تعداد دانلود : ۲۱۴
In more recent years, it has become increasingly recognized that R&D (research and development) is a key driver of economic growth, a source of innovation and change, and as such stimulates improvements in productivity and economic competitiveness. It is closely associated with knowledge and flexibility, two factors that have gained new significance as a source of competitiveness in an increasingly globalized world economy. In this paper the relationship between bilateral trade and R&D differences among selected east and west Asian countries is investigated, specifying a semi-parametric gravity model over 1990-2013. Despite the majority of empirical analysis, we explore the relationship between trade and R&D differences through a nonparametric analysis. The results confirm that there is a nonparametric relationship between bilateral exports and R&D differences for both. The implication is that countries with various levels of R&D activities, namely arising from entrepreneurial activities, can affect widely and substantially international trade flows.