مطالب

In the Sabab-e-Nuzūl of verse 8 of Surah Al-Insān, it is stated that the Ahl al-Bayt (AS) gave their food for three consecutive days while they were fasting and in need of that food. Apparently, the way of giving alms here is extremist and moderation is not observed in it. Therefore, there is a contradiction between the quality of food by the Infallibles (AS) and the verse Make not thy hand tied (like a niggard’s) to thy neck, nor stretch it forth to its utmost reach, so that thou become blameworthy and destitute. (Isrāʼ/29) It is necessary to investigate this suspicion in order to protect the infallibility of Abrār. Therefore, this research has analyzed the mentioned conflict from two perspectives with a descriptive-analytical method: 1- The difference of context in the two verses 2- The difference in the existential capacity of human beings and the relativity of concepts. In the end, it is stated that the context of the word in Surah Al-Insān is praise and it cannot be contrary to verse 29 of Isrāʼ, in which moderation in almsgiving is recommended. Also based on the verse "On no soul doth Allah place a burden greater than it can bear." (Baqarah/286) and the differences in the existential capacity of human beings, the range of moderation in charity is different for each human being. Therefore, in the method of feeding, Abrār has observed moderation, but moderation at its highest level.  

After the holy Qur'an, hadith is the most important source of knowing the intentions of the verses of the Qur'an, and therefore the recognition of authentic hadiths is very important. From the beginning of Islam, the phenomenon of fabricating hadith by dissidents and hypocrites has a long history and has been used as a weapon. The Holy Prophet (PBUH) and the Imams (AS) and consequently the scholars and scientists of the Islamic religion, by using certain methods, have provided the ground for Muslims to identify the Sanad of the narrations and have thwarted this great conspiracy with special instructions. They used instructions such as the spread of the science of rijāl in order to identify truthful and reliable narrators and reject weak narrators. And in the field of protecting the text of hadiths, they used methods such as presenting hadiths to imams and scholars, comparing manuscripts, allowing the narration of hadiths, listing methods, etc. Therefore, one of the important issues of Islamic sciences in the field of Qur'anic interpretation is the issue of narrative interpretations issued by the Holy Prophet (PBUH) or the Imams (AS).And these interpretations have a lot of confusion and some of them are fake narrations or Isra’iliyyat, and some others are for adaptation rather than interpretation of the verse. Therefore, according to these inconsistencies that exist in the narrative interpretations, the following narrations should be carefully studied based on the guidance of the Infallibles (AS) and their true followers. So by studying the narrative interpretation, we can find some strategies including assimilation, separation and classification of narrations in narrative interpretations. This article is an attempt in this direction that deals with this issue through a descriptive-analytical method.  

After moving from the asceticism (See Arberry 2007: 32–47), Sufism has always tended to redefine its basic beliefs and restrictive frameworks to getting out a number of groups who distanced themselves from certain frameworks and social behaviour and called them "non-Sufi" or "Sufi-pretenders." This method of differentiation was basically to reduce public criticism of contradictory behaviors of members of Sufi groups. This article focuses on the procedures of differentiation between members of Sufi groups in the Middle Iranian history, its goals and social consequences. The issues of this research are: Was the formation of a group called "Sufi-Pretender" among Sufi communities, due to the people's acceptance of the teaching of this movement or the weaknesses of Sufi organizations that provide the opportunity to form a group disproportionate to the invitation of Sufis? What solutions did the Sufi leaders find to deal with this problem and to settle the heterogeneous people from within their community? The methods of differentiation among Sufi groups were based on what necessitated and how were they defined? In this regard, it seems that the procedures of redefining the identity, in the form of formulating the practical life of mystics, emphasizing the practices of Sufi education, improving the livelihood of the group, informing the people.