خاستگاه و پیشینه تاریخی بلوچان (مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
درجه علمی: نشریه علمی (وزارت علوم)
آرشیو
چکیده
در مورد خاستگاه و پیشینه تاریخی اقوام به علت کمبود منابع تاریخی و نقل وقایع تاریخی تا چندین نسل به صورت شفاهی، اختلاف نظر وجود دارد. کمبود منابع تاریخی از ایران باستان و نقل وقایع تاریخی بلوچان به صورت شفاهی تا سده های اخیر، باعث شده درباره پیشینه تاریخی بلوچان و به خصوص خاستگاه اولیه این قوم فرضیات متعددی مطرح شود. به عنوان مثال زبان شناسان، گیلان و یا کناره های دریای خزر را خاستگاه اولیه بلوچان معرفی نمودند و محققانی که بر اشعار و داستان های خود بلوچان تمرکز دارند، خاستگاه و پیشینه سامی و عربی برای بلوچان قائل هستند. با این وجود تحقیق جامعی با تأکید بر منابع تاریخی درباره خاستگاه و پیشینه تاریخی بلوچان صورت نگرفته است. با واکاوی دقیق منابع تاریخی چنین استنباط می شود که سابقه تاریخی بلوچان در منابع تاریخی به سده های نخست اسلامی در محدوده شرقی کرمان و صفحات شمالی بلوچستان کنونی بر می گردد. شواهد و قرائن گویای آن هستند که در سده های متصل قبل از آن نیز مسکن و مأوای بلوچان در همین محدوده سرزمینی بوده که یونانیان باستان آن را گدروزیا می خواندند. هدف از این تحقیق شناسایی خاستگاه و پیشینه تاریخی بلوچان است که به روش تاریخی با توصیف و تحلیل داده های جمع آوری شده از منابع کتابخانه ای، نگاشته شده است.The origin and historical background of the Baloch people
The lack of historical sources from ancient Iran and the oral transmission of historical events of the Baloch until recent centuries have led to the emergence of numerous hypotheses about the historical background of the Baloch, especially the initial origin of this people. For example, linguists have introduced Gilan or the shores of the Caspian Sea as the initial origin of the Baloch, and researchers who focus on the poems and stories of the Baloch themselves believe that the Baloch have a Semitic and Arabic origin and background. However, a comprehensive study with emphasis on historical sources has not been conducted on the origin and historical background of the Baloch. By carefully analyzing historical sources, it is concluded that the historical background of the Baloch goes back to the first Islamic centuries in the eastern region of Kerman and the northern parts of present-day Balochistan. Evidence and clues indicate that in the centuries before that, the Baloch people also lived and resided in this same territory. The purpose of this research is to identify the origins and historical background of the Baloch people, which is written in a historical manner by describing and analyzing data collected from library sources Keywords: Baloch, origin, Jiroft, Gilan, Makran Introduction The origin and historical background of the Baloch people are disputed. The historiography of Balochistan is mostly oral, and among the Baloch people themselves, most historical events have been narrated in the form of numerous stories in the form of Baloch prose or poems. The scattered sources that directly mentioned the Baloch people date back to the early Islamic centuries. Before that, there is indirect information in literary works, inscriptions, etc., about which several interpretations can be presented. Most of the research conducted on the origin and historical background of the Baloch people disagree. Most linguists believe that the Baloch people first lived in the northwest of the Iranian plateau and in the vicinity of the Caspian Sea, then for unknown reasons they migrated from this region to Kerman during the Sassanid period. Some Baloch scholars believe that the Baloch people are related to the Semitic race in terms of origin. Central Asia and even India have also been introduced as the original origin of the Baloch people by a few researchers. By carefully analyzing historical sources, it can be inferred that what the Greek texts referred to as Gedrosia meant by Gedrosia was Baluch. Gedrosia in Greek sources corresponds geographically to Jiroft and parts of present-day Baluchistan. The earliest sources of the early Islamic centuries also mentioned the Baluch people in the Jiroft area. Therefore, it can be assumed that the original origin of the Baluch people in ancient times was the eastern region of Kerman, namely Jiroft, as well as the northern regions of present-day Baluchistan. Materials & Methods The materials and data of this research have been collected from library sources. The collected data, including news, information, analysis, and opinions, were categorized and then analyzed. This realization has been written in a historical manner and the description and analysis of the collected data have been written. Discussion & Results Researchers who believe that the Baluchi originated in the Gilan region or the shores of the Caspian Sea in northwest Iran cite the Shahnameh, and some also cite the text of the cities of Iranshahr. Others consider the linguistic and cultural similarities between the Baluchi and Gilani people as the reason for this hypothesis. If the verses of the Shahnameh are carefully examined, it is understood that there is no explicit connection in terms of the neighborhood of the Baluchi's place of residence with Gilan. If this relationship existed, given that it was not extensive and was not mentioned in historical sources, it was probably in line with the migration of some Baluchi at some point i
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