تأثیر پرنده نگری در توسعه گردشگری روستایی (مطالعه موردی: روستاهای پیرامون تالاب هشیلان) (مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
درجه علمی: نشریه علمی (وزارت علوم)
آرشیو
چکیده
ایران با داشتن تعداد زیادی گونه پرنده در تمام فصول سال و در بیشتر مناطق، قابلیت های بسیاری برای اجرای برنامه های پرنده نگری دارد. روستاها به عنوان مکان هایی که در عین دوری از غوغای شهر و نزدیکی به طبیعت بکر، روستاهایی که قابلیت اسکان و پذیرایی از گردشگران را دارند، می توانند از این شاخه لذت بخش و روبه رشد اکوتوریسم بهره مناسبی ببرند؛ بنابراین هدف اصلی این تحقیق، تأثیر مناطق جذب پرندگان مهاجر در توسعه گردشگری روستایی (مطالعه موردی: روستاهای پیرامون تالاب هشیلان) است. روش تحقیق کمّی، کاربردی، توصیفی تحلیلی است که از ابزار پرسش نامه برای جمع آوری اطلاعات بهره برده می شود. نرم افزار استفاده شده SPSS است. پایایی تحقیق توسط آلفای کرونباخ تأیید شد (اقتصادی، 0/88، اجتماعی و فرهنگی،0/84، کالبدی،0/83، گردشگری، 0/77). روایی نیز توسط متخصصان جغرافیا، محیط زیست و علوم اجتماعی تأیید شد. حجم نمونه از ۲۵۶ خانوار، ۱۰۰ خانوار انتخاب شدند. روش نمونه گیری از نوع نمونه گیری تصادفی سیستماتیک بوده است. یافته ها نشان می دهد که پرنده نگری و گردشگران ورودی ناشی از آن، اثر مثبتی بر ابعاد اقتصادی و اجتماعی و فرهنگی داشته است. همچنین از نظر زیست محیطی ضمن توجه بیشتر دولت به پرندگان مهاجر فرصت های زیست محیطی خوبی ایجاد شده است؛ اما آلودگی و پسماند و زباله های فراوانی در محل جمع شدند. متأسفانه سرمایه گذاری در گردشگری منطقه محدود و زیرساخت ها نامناسب است که نیاز به توجه دارد. یافته های ناشی از کروسکال والیس نشان می دهد که تفاوت معناداری بین روستاها از نظر تأثیرگذاری پرنده نگری در گردشگری دیده نشده است. همچنین یافته های هم بستگی اسپیرمن نشان می دهد که رابطه معناداری بین پرنده نگری و مؤلفه های اقتصادی، اجتماعی و فرهنگی، کالبدی و زیست محیطی وجود دارد. درنهایت یافته های رگرسیون نشان می دهد که اثر بر محیط زیست روستا مهم ترین نقطه قوت پرنده نگری است. همچنین در رتبه دوم اشتغال زایی قرار دارد. در مرتبه سوم کاهش مهاجرت به منزله مهم ترین تأثر پرنده نگری معرفی شده اند.The impact of bird watching in the development of rural tourism (Case Study: Villages Around the Heshilan Lagoon)
Having a large number of bird species in all seasons of the year and in most regions, Iran has many capabilities to implement bird watching programs. Villages, as places that are far from the hustle and bustle of the city and close to the pristine nature, have the ability to accommodate and welcome tourists, can benefit from this enjoyable and growing branch of ecotourism. Therefore, the main goal of this research is the effect of migratory bird attraction areas on the development of rural tourism (case study: villages around Heshilan Wetland). It is a quantitative, applied, descriptive, analytical research method that uses a questionnaire tool to collect information. The software used is spss. The reliability of the research was confirmed by Cronbach's alpha (economic, 0.88, social and cultural, 0.84, physical, 0.83, tourism, 0.77) and validity was confirmed by experts in geography, environment and social sciences. The sample size of 256 households was 100 households. The sampling method was systematic random sampling. The findings show that bird watching and incoming tourists have had a positive effect on the economy, society and culture. Also, from an environmental point of view, with the government paying more attention to migratory birds, good environmental opportunities have been created, but pollution, waste, and a lot of garbage were collected in the place. Unfortunately, investment in tourism in the region is limited and the infrastructure is inadequate, which needs attention. The findings from Kruskal Wallis show that there is no significant difference between villages in terms of the impact of bird watching on tourism. Also, Spearman's correlation findings show that there is a significant relationship between bird watching and economic, social and cultural, physical and environmental components. Finally, the regression findings show that the effect on the village environment is the most important strength of bird watching. It is also in the second rank of job creation. In the third place, the reduction of migration has been introduced as the most important effect of bird watching. Keywords: Heshilan Wetland, Bird Watching, Ecotourism, Rural Tourism 1. Introduction Heshilan Wetland has an important role in increasing the biodiversity of the region and has created a suitable habitat for attracting various species of mammals, reptiles, amphibians, fish and especially birds. Heshilan Wetland creates a nutritional habitat and a suitable resting place for various types of winter, transient, summer and native birds. On the other hand, the appropriate depth of water, the feeding of plants by aquatic birds and the diversity of aquatic plants provide a suitable substrate for the habitat of aquatic birds in the wetland (Baghrabadi, 1400: 19). The set of these factors shows that this wetland is suitable for the development of rural tourism based on bird watching. Therefore, the main goal of this research is to investigate the impact of migratory bird attraction sites on the development of rural tourism in the villages around Heshilan Wetland. 2. Literature Review Ecotourism or nature tourism is one of the branches of tourism that is based on natural attractions. Identifying areas prone to nature tourism and planning for these areas, in order to attract those interested and create infrastructure facilities for them, is one of the solutions for the development of the ecotourism industry. Since the previous research related to ecotourism is very extensive, in this part it is enough to mention only the cases related to bird watching. In 2010, Rhonda J. Green and Daryl N. Jones studied the characteristics of birdwatching tourists. According to the results of their research, the majority of bird watchers are middle-aged people and they hate hunting. In addition to birds, these people are also interested in other wildlife and have the ability to recognize more birds, and most of them are concerned about environmental issues. Wildlife watching tourism is one of the important forms of nature tourism and ecotourism. The wide variety of animals and their habitats has made this type of travel very diverse. Meanwhile, bird watching or "bird watching" is considered one of the most important types of wildlife watching tourism. A research conducted by the American Wildlife, Hunting and Fishing Recreation Association in this country shows that birds Viewing is a people-friendly and popular form of outdoor recreation and it is growing at a high speed, the reason for attracting a lot of attention is the negative environmental consequences, in this regard, there are also forms of tourism under the title of green, responsible, low-harm tourism (based on special environmental considerations) (And finally, ecotourism was brought up Ecotourism is one of the forms and actually the important concepts of alternative tourism. Buckley, one of the theorists, emphasizes that ecotourism should be based on the environment and natural products; be accompanied by environmental education or interpretations; contribute to conservation; Along with benefits for the local community, in many parts of the world, ecotourism has contributed to the dual goals of economic development (along with reducing poverty) and protecting natural resources. Watching birds in their natural habitat is known as birdwatching tourism. According to a comprehensive definition, birdwatching is the recreational activity of observing birds with the naked eye or with the help of optical equipment, which has protective, educational and moral aspects. 3. Methodology The research methodology is descriptive-analytical. In terms of the general approach: the current research was of a quantitative type. In terms of the purpose: the present research is applied and results-oriented, because the purpose of the research is to reach the principles and rules that are applied in real and practical situations and help to improve the implementation methods. Heshilan Wetland is located in the northwest of Kermanshah on the Kermanshah-Ravansar road. This wetland is located at a distance of 36 kilometers northwest of Kermanshah city at 34 degrees and 35 minutes north and 45 degrees and 53 minutes east longitude. According to the existing research, there are 6 villages with a population of 936 people and 261 households living around the Heshilan lagoon. 4. Results Research findings show that tourism can have positive economic effects. Considering that bird watching is the most important attraction of tourism in the region, it can be said that bird watching has created employment, income, and job opportunities for rural women. Also, the findings of this research show that the social and cultural effects of bird watching are extensive. Reduction of poverty and reduction of the migration process, along with the creation of cultural interactions between local communities and tourists and recognition of non-local people and their culture, are among the concrete effects of bird watching. Also, in the physical dimension, paying attention to the reconstruction of roads and buildings and investing in the improvement of the village is one of the physical effects of bird watching development. In the environmental aspect, noise pollution and waste are among the negative results, but besides that, it is important to pay attention to animals and biodiversity, the surrounding environment, and the government's environmental investment. Finally, in the aspect of tourism, the growth of employment opportunities in tourism and the development of visitors and the presence of investors are among the results of the research. The results of the Kruskal-Wallis test show that there is no significant difference between the villages in terms of the effects of tourism and birdwatching components. Also, the results of Spearman's correlation and regression show that the effect on the village environment is the most important strength of bird watching. It is also in the second rank of job creation. In the third order, the reduction of migration has been introduced as the most important impact of bird watching. 5. Conclusion There are various types of tourism that any society can attract tourists according to the existing conditions and characteristics. Today, thanks to the virtual space and the media, there are few people who are not interested in tourism and the concept is unfamiliar to them; In all advanced societies where tourism has become a job and profession, continuous education to residents is inevitable. Certainly, the tourism industry requires planning and facilitation by the officials and by holding classes and courses they can help the local communities in this important matter and also the wetland even in terms of basic facilities such as proper access, security, Water and electricity remain at zero. Undoubtedly, tourism without accommodation and serving local food will be meaningless. The first step in the tourism industry is to establish a residence. Recently, eco-tourism residences have opened up in many rural communities. In many villages there are special species that cannot be found in other places. For example, in one of the villages studied in this research, a large number of storks have built nests on electric poles, which can be interesting for tourists. Heshilan Wetland is one of the rare and unique wetlands in the world, which unfortunately has not yet been registered in the world and has a semi-functional bird-watching building, from which no bird-watcher has yet visited with a camera. A lagoon that even many local people have only heard of.
تبلیغات
