تدوین الگوی ارتباطی پایبندی به ورزش با سلامت روان دانشجویان شرکت کننده در اوقات فراغت ورزشی (مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
درجه علمی: نشریه علمی (وزارت علوم)
آرشیو
چکیده
هدف از پژوهش حاضر، تدوین الگوی ارتباطی پایبندی به ورزش با سلامت روان دانشجویان شرکت کننده در اوقات فراغت ورزشی بود. روش پژوهش به لحاظ هدف کاربردی و از حیث نوع، در دسته پژوهش های توصیفی هم بستگی قرار دارد. جامعه آماری پژوهش را دانشجویان دانشگاه امام رضا (ع) شهر مشهد و نمونه آماری براساس نمونه گیری پژوهش های الگوی ساختاری که نسبت حداقل سه آزمودنی به ازای هر عامل (متغیر) قابل قبول است؛ بنابراین 186 نفر انتخاب شدند (186=n). ابزار پژوهش شامل پرسش نامه استاندارد پایبندی به ورزش درخشان پور و همکاران (1396) و پرسش نامه سلامت روان گلدبرگ و هیلر (1979) بود. روایی صوری و سازه ی ابزارها پژوهش تأیید و پایایی ابزارها با ضریب آلفای کرونباخ تأیید شد (0/85و0/90). به منظور تجزیه وتحلیل داده ها از آمار توصیفی و آمار استنباطی شامل آزمون کلموگروف-اسمیرنوف، آزمون تی تک نمونه ای و پیرسون و الگوی معادلات ساختاری با نرم افزارهای SPSS و PLS استفاده شد. نتایج پژوهش نشان داد که وضعیت متغیرهای پایبندی به ورزش و سلامت روان در دانشجویان دانشگاه امام رضا(ع) مطلوب و ارتباط بین پایبندی به ورزش و سلامت روان معنادار و مثبت است (0/05≥P). همچنین بین میانگین اولویت بندی مؤلفه های سلامت روان تفاوت معناداری وجود دارد؛ پایین ترین و بالاترین رتبه شامل مؤلفه افسردگی و جسمانی است؛ بنابراین پیشنهاد می شود برای ارتقای سلامت روان در دانشجویان، برنامه های فوق برنامه ورزشی به منزله یکی از اهرم های تضمین سلامت روان در نظر گرفته شود.Development of a Correlation Model of Adherence to Sports With the Mental Health of Students Participating in Sports Leisure Time
This research aimed to compile a model of the relationship between adherence to sports and the mental health of students participating in sports leisure time. The research method is in the category of descriptive-correlational research in terms of applied purpose and in terms of type. The statistical population of the research is the students of Imam Reza University (AS) in Mashhad, and the statistical sample is based on the sampling of structural model research, where the ratio of at least three subjects per factor (variable) is acceptable. Therefore, 186 people were selected (n=186). The research tools included the standard exercise adherence questionnaire of Derakhshanpour et al. (2016) and the Goldberg and Hiller mental health questionnaire (1979). The formal and structural validity of the research tools was confirmed and the reliability of the tools was confirmed with Cronbach's alpha coefficient (0.85 and 0.90). To analyze the data, descriptive statistics and inferential statistics were used, including the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, one-sample t-test, Pearson test, and structural equation model with SPSS and PLS software. The results of the research showed that the status of variables of adherence to sports and mental health in Imam Reza University students is favorable and the relationship between adherence to sports and mental health is significant and positive (P≥0.05). Also, there is a significant difference between the average prioritization of mental health components; The lowest and highest rank includes depression and physical component. Therefore, it is suggested to consider extracurricular sports programs as one of the levers to ensure mental health in order to improve mental health in students. Keywords: Adherence to Sports؛ Jeisure Time؛ Mental Health؛ Students 1. Introduction Sports, as one of the active leisure activities, has a decisive role in maintaining humans' physical and mental health. Having a healthy life requires movement and sports activities. Informing people about the positive effects of physical activities on different body systems increased the tendency towards sports activities (Mostafavirad & Dehghan, 1397). According to the World Health Organization, mental health is one of the most important aspects of evaluating the health of different societies. It is defined as the state of health of each person that enables the realization of potential talents, coping with the usual tensions of life, doing useful work, feeling productive, and being able to participate in society (Rostami, 2018). Mental health has components that include different dimensions of life, and in general, it can be said that mental health is the ability to communicate harmoniously with others, modify and improve the personal and social environment, and resolve conflicts and personal desires in a logically fair manner. and appropriate and is based on the belief that mental health is the ability to respond to various types of life experiences in a flexible and meaningful way (Carter et al., 2020). Sports as an inclusive social phenomenon is the best mechanism for providing physical health and mental health. Therefore, investing in it will reduce costs in the health sector and anti-corruption centers and reduce the level of individual and social anomalies (Bakr, Al-Ansari, and Karuni, 2017). 2. Literature Review Qaisarian and Bapiri (1402) concluded that secondary school students in Ilam province had problems in the four dimensions of health, including anxiety and insomnia, depression, social dysfunction, and physical symptoms, and it is necessary to implement programs to improve the mental health of students during adolescence. The results obtained from the research of Mirzaei Khales and Najimi (1402) emphasize the usefulness of psychological educational intervention in reducing the burden of responsibility and mental health of family caregivers of neurological and mental patients. Harissa et al. (1402), showed that mental health knowledge among health science students is correlated with access to information, where students' access to mental health information through news/online media can affect their knowledge. Rockwell and Kimel (2023), emphasized the need to understand mental health in specific contexts and concluded that students experience more anxiety, depression, and stress when academic activities and social relationships conflict with interdependent norms. Campbell et al. (2022), concluded that students who are prepared and able to adapt to the changes that the move to higher education creates also experience better mental health and some of the behaviors associated with poor mental health include Lack of participation in learning and leisure activities and poor mental health literacy. 3. Methodology This research in terms of purpose; applied, and in terms of data collection, it is descriptive and correlational. Descriptive research includes a set of methods whose purpose is to describe the conditions of the investigated phenomena. The statistical population of the current study was the students of Imam Reza University (AS) in Mashhad, and due to the high number of the statistical population, 186 people were selected according to the Morgan table and random sampling method (n = 186). The tool for collecting information in this research is a questionnaire that includes two questionnaires. A) Derakhshan Pour et al.'s standard exercise adherence questionnaire (2016) with 11 questions. which is graded based on the Likert scale. and reported its internal consistency coefficient of 0.95. b) Mental health questionnaire: The mental health questionnaire designed by Goldberg Wheeler in 1979 was used to measure mental health. The formal and structural validity of the research tools was confirmed and the reliability of the tools was confirmed with Cronbach's alpha coefficient (0.85 and 0.90). To analyze the data, descriptive statistics and inferential statistics were used, including the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, one-sample t-test, Pearson test, and structural equation model with SPSS and PLS software. 4. Results According to the results, from the point of view of the research samples, the amount of "adherence to sports" and "mental health of students" is higher than average. Therefore, the state of adherence to sports and mental health among students is optimal. Also, because the significance level of Friedman's test is less than 0.05, it can be said that there is a significant priority among the components of mental health of students participating in leisure sports. Therefore, the lowest average rating is related to the depression component and the highest average rating is related to the physical component. Also, according to the results, it is inferred that the relationship between adherence to sports and the mental health of students participating in sports leisure time is 0.5 α=0 is significant and positive (P≥0.05). 5. Conclusion According to the results, it can be said that people who exercise regularly to avoid many discomforts and personality deficiencies, enjoy a more efficient and happy life, have more social relationships, and have good coordination. In the same way, many psychologists today recommend physical activity as a factor to overcome anxiety, depression, irritability, and stress; Therefore, people feel good about life after reporting sports activity and the resulting satisfaction. Based on strong evidence, physical activity is a major factor in personal and social health, and those who ignore this issue and pass it by are still unaware of the power of exercise in life. Exercise and physical activities and physical fitness resulting from it have recently been emphasized as an effective, cheap, and accessible tool used in the prevention and treatment of psychological disorders and in strengthening mental and physical health. Today's sedentary lifestyle contributes to disorders such as cardiovascular diseases, poor ability to cope with stress, higher risk of depression, low productivity at work, and more absenteeism at work. On the other hand, many studies have shown that regular and sustained moderate exercise has a significant effect on maintaining health.
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