مدل سازی معادلات ساختاری عوامل مؤثر بر شکل گیری و پایداری اقامتگاه های بوم گردی شهرستان آبادان (مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
درجه علمی: نشریه علمی (وزارت علوم)
آرشیو
چکیده
یکی از خدمات گردشگری در سالیان اخیر ایجاد اقامتگاه های بوم گردی با استفاده از ظرفیت های سنتی موجود در مناطق مختلف کشور هستند. اقامتگاه های بوم گردی کسب وکارهای کوچک مقیاس هستند که طراحی و معماری بومی، مدیریت مشارکتی و خانوادگی و ارائه خدمات و محصولات بومی از اصول آن می باشد.بوم گردی یکی از شاخه های گردشگری مبتنی بر جاذبه های طبیعی است. اقامتگاه های بوم گردی بخشی فرصت آفرین در کسب وکار گردشگری جهان است که به سرعت در حال رشد هستند. این پژوهش قصد دارد عوامل مؤثر بر شکل گیری و پایداری اقامتگاه های بوم گردی را تجزیه وتحلیل نماید. پژوهش حاضر ازنظر هدف، کاربردی و ازنظر نوع و ماهیت، توصیفی– تحلیلی است. جامعه آماری پژوهش حاضر را مالکان و شاغلین اقامتگاه های بوم گردی شهرستان آبادان تشکیل می دهند. در این تحقیق ازآنجاکه فهرست کامل افراد جامعه در دسترس نیست، از فرمول کوکران در حالت حجم نامحدود با سطح خطای 5 درصد استفاده شده است. حجم نمونه با استفاده از فرمول کوکران 400 نفر در نظر گرفته شد. ابزار اصلی گردآوری داده ها و سنجش متغیرهای پژوهش، پرسشنامه محقق ساخته است. میزان پایایی پرسشنامه با بهره گیری از آزمون کرونباخ و پایایی ترکیبی در سطح بالایی تأیید و داده ها با بهره گیری از نرم افزار SPSS و Smart-PLS در قالب روش معادلات ساختاری تحلیل شده است. یافته های پژوهش حاکی از برازش مناسب مدل و معناداری روابط بین متغیرهای موردنظر می باشد. همچنین، مقدار ضریب تعیین مسیر مدل ساختاری برابر با 850/0 به دست آمد که نشان دهنده تأثیر متغیر شکل گیری اقامتگاه ها بر توسعه و پایداری بوم گردی است. درنهایت، مدل پژوهش ازنظر پیش بینی و تبیین روابط میان متغیرها از برازش مطلوبی برخوردار بود.Structural Equation Modeling of Factors Influencing the Formation and Sustainability of Ecotourism Accommodations in Abadan County
Introduction This research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in terms of type and nature. The required data were collected using both documentary and field-based methods. The statistical population of this study includes employees and owners of ecotourism accommodations in Abadan County. A convenience sampling method was employed for selecting the sample. Since a complete list of the population was not available, the Cochran formula for an infinite population was used with a 5% margin of error, resulting in a sample size of 400 participants. Data analysis was carried out in two separate but interrelated sections. In the first section, which pertains to the descriptive statistics of the research data, the main variables of the study were described using the most important descriptive statistical indicators, including central tendency, dispersion, and distribution shape. In the second section, dedicated to the inferential statistics and hypothesis testing, which forms the main focus of this chapter, a variance-based structural equation modeling (SEM) approach was applied. This approach aids the researcher in treating the main variables in the theoretical model as latent variables, incorporating measurement errors in the estimation of model parameters. Consequently, this results in more accurate and reliable estimates. For performing the computations, SPSS and Smart-PLS software were utilized in this phase of the research. Methodology This research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in terms of type and nature. The required data were collected using both documentary and field-based methods. The statistical population of this study includes employees and owners of ecotourism accommodations in Abadan County. A convenience sampling method was employed for selecting the sample. Since a complete list of the population was not available, the Cochran formula for an infinite population was used with a 5% margin of error, resulting in a sample size of 400 participants. Data analysis was carried out in two separate but interrelated sections. In the first section, which pertains to the descriptive statistics of the research data, the main variables of the study were described using the most important descriptive statistical indicators, including central tendency, dispersion, and distribution shape. In the second section, dedicated to the inferential statistics and hypothesis testing, which forms the main focus of this chapter, a variance-based structural equation modeling (SEM) approach was applied. This approach aids the researcher in treating the main variables in the theoretical model as latent variables, incorporating measurement errors in the estimation of model parameters. Consequently, this results in more accurate and reliable estimates. For performing the computations, SPSS and Smart-PLS software were utilized in this phase of the research. Results and Discussion The findings of this study indicate that ecotourism accommodations in Abadan County, due to their rich local and natural capacities, can play a pivotal role in the sustainable development of the region. Data analysis revealed that four main factors-cultural, economic, managerial, and environmental-exert the greatest influence on the formation and sustainability of ecotourism accommodations in this area. These factors not only contribute to the success of accommodations in attracting tourists but also enhance local livelihoods and preserve the region's natural and cultural resources. The cultural richness of Abadan County, including its traditions, local customs, and indigenous architecture (such as traditional Madaifs), is a key strength for the development of ecotourism accommodations. According to the study’s data, tourists visiting the region are particularly interested in experiencing its cultural authenticity and local lifestyle. Therefore, emphasizing cultural identity in the design and management of accommodations can enhance their appeal to tourists and provide a unique experience. The analysis further highlighted that ecotourism accommodations have become a significant source of job creation and sustainable income for local communities. The development of these accommodations has not only reduced rural-to-urban migration but has also increased motivation to preserve the region's natural and cultural resources. However, the results also point to a lack of adequate financial infrastructure and support as one of the main challenges to the economic development of ecotourism accommodations. Addressing this issue requires government support and private sector investment. From a managerial perspective, the study showed that the participation of local communities in managing ecotourism accommodations is one of the most critical factors for their success. The findings suggest that accommodations managed collaboratively, utilizing local knowledge and experience, tend to achieve greater sustainability. Conversely, the lack of necessary training for local communities in tourism management and marketing has been identified as a major weakness in this domain. The analysis also underscored the importance of preserving the region's natural resources and environment as a fundamental prerequisite for sustainable ecotourism development. The results demonstrated that accommodations adhering to environmental principles in their design and operation-such as using local materials and reducing energy consumption-have had a positive impact on attracting tourists. However, increasing tourist pressure and the absence of comprehensive conservation plans pose potential threats to the region's natural resources and biodiversity. Conclusion The research findings indicate an appropriate model fit and the significance of the relationships among the studied variables. Furthermore, the coefficient of determination for the structural model path was calculated as 0.850, highlighting the impact of the formation variable on the development and sustainability of ecotourism. Ultimately, the research model demonstrated a desirable fit in predicting and explaining the relationships between the variables. The research is applied in its purpose and descriptive-analytical in its nature and methodology. The statistical population of the study comprises owners and employees of ecotourism accommodations in Abadan County. Since a complete list of the population was unavailable, the Cochran formula for an infinite population with a 5% margin of error was applied, resulting in a sample size of 400 participants. The primary tool for data collection and measurement of research variables was a researcher-made questionnaire. The reliability of the questionnaire was confirmed at a high level using Cronbach's alpha and composite reliability. Data were analyzed using SPSS and Smart-PLS software within the framework of structural equation modeling (SEM). The findings indicate a good fit for the model and significant relationships between the studied variables. Additionally, the coefficient of determination for the structural model path was calculated to be 0.850, demonstrating the impact of the formation variable on the development and sustainability of ecotourism. Ultimately, the research model exhibited a satisfactory fit for predicting and explaining the relationships among the variables.
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