نقش فضیلت ها در سلامت روان با میانجی گری خودمراقبتی و ادراک استیگمای کمک طلبی روانشناختی در مشاوران و روانشناسان (مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
درجه علمی: نشریه علمی (وزارت علوم)
آرشیو
چکیده
این پژوهش با هدف تدوین مدل سلامت روان براساس فضیلت ها و با نقش میانجی خودمراقبتی و ادراک استیگمای کمک طلبی روانشناختی در کارشناسان سلامت روان انجام شد. روش پژوهش از نوع همبستگی است و جامعه آماری را مشاوران و روانشناسان شهر تهران در سال 1400 تشکیل دادند که از میان آنها 316 نفر با روش نمونه گیری در دسترس انتخاب شدند. ابزارهای پژوهش شامل پرسشنامه های نیرومندی منش، سلامت عمومی، خودمراقبتی و استیگمای کمک طلبی روانشناختی بود. داده ها با روش معادلات ساختاری تحلیل شدند. یافته ها نشان دادند اثر مستقیم فضیلت ها (خرد، شجاعت، انسانیت، عدالت، میانه روی و تعالی) بر سلامت روان، خودمراقبتی و ادراک استیگمای کمک طلبی روانشناختی معنادار است. همچنین، اثر مستقیم خودمراقبتی و ادراک استیگمای کمک طلبی روانشناختی بر سلامت روان نیز معنادار است. درخصوص اثرات غیرمستقیم متغیرها، فضیلت ها به واسطه افزایش خودمراقبتی و نیز کاهش ادراک استیگمای کمک طلبی روانشناختی بر سلامت روان مشاوران و روانشناسان اثر غیرمستقیم و مثبت دارند. توجه به نقش فضیلت ها، خودمراقبتی و استیگمای کمک طلبی روانشناختی در سلامت روان مشاوران و روانشناسان می تواند زمینه ساز آگاهی بیشتری درخصوص عوامل موثر بر ارتقای سلامت روان در این جامعه باشد.Investigating the Mediating Role of Self-Caring and Perception of Psychological Help-Seeking Stigma in the Relationship between Virtues in Mental Health among Counselors and Psychologists
This study aimed to develop a model of mental health based on the virtues through the mediating roles of self-caring and perception o psychological help-seeking stigmatization among the mental health experts. The statistical population of this correlational study included the counselors and psychologists working in Tehran, in 2021. A number of 316 individuals were selected through convenience sampling. The instruments included scales on character strengths, general health, self-caring, and psychological help-seeking stigma. Structural equation modeling was used to analyze the data. According to the findings, the virtues (i.e., wisdom, courage, humanity, justice, temperance, and transcendence) had direct significant effects on mental health, self-care, and the perceived stigma towards psychological help-seeking. Moreover, self-care and the perceived stigma towards psychological help-seeking had direct significant effects on mental health. Regarding the indirect effects of variables, it can be claimed that these virtues had indirect positive effects on the mental health of counselors and psychologists by improving self-care and reducing the perceived stigma towards psychological help-seeking. Paying attention to the role of virtues, self-caring and the perception of psychological help-seeking stigma in the mental health of counselors and psychologists can enhance our awareness on the factors affecting the promotion of mental health in this society.IntroductionVarious stressors can exacerbate the mental problems of counselors and psychologists on the other hand, positive personality traits and values such as character strengths and virtues seem to prepare the ground for mental growth (Lavy & Benish-Weisman, 2021). Virtues can influence mental health through individual mechanisms such as self-care and perceived help-seeking stigma. Self-care is considered an ethical code for mental health professionals that can reduce their emotional exhaustion. Due to psychological help-seeking stigma, even mental health professionals do not seek professional help when suffering from great distress (Clough et al., 2020). Value codes or positive personality traits can facilitate the help-seeking process and reduce the fear of being labeled by others (Hobaica et al., 2021). Given the impact of various virtues on self-care, psychological help-seeking stigma and mental health, this study used these variables to develop a structural mental health model for counselors and psychologists. MethodThis correlational study was conducted using a structural equation modeling (SEM). Convenience sampling was used to select the sample from the counselors and psychologists working in counseling centers (N = 316). All participants completed the following questionnaires.Character Strengths Questionnaire: Peterson and Seligman (2004) designed this 120-item tool that includes 24 character strengths and six virtues. The reliability of the questionnaire was confirmed in both the original study (0.60 < Cronbach’s alpha values < 0.87) and the present study (0.82 < Cronbach’s alpha values < 0.93).Self-care Scale: This 21-item scale was designed by Dorociak et al. (2017) for mental health professionals in five domains. The reliability of the tool was confirmed in both the original study (0.71 < Cronbach’s alpha values < 0.89) and the present study (0.76 < Cronbach’s alpha values < 0.90).Psychological Help-seeking Stigma Questionnaire: Clough et al. (2020) developed this tool to assess perceived help-seeking stigma in mental health professionals when experiencing occupational stress and burnout. The 13-item questionnaire has four domains. The reliability of the questionnaire was confirmed in both the original study (Cronbach’s alpha value = 0.84) and the present study (0.73 < Cronbach’s alpha values < 0.85).General Health Questionnaire: This scale has 28 items with four components and is developed by Goldberg and Hillier (1972). The reliability of the tool was confirmed in both the original study (0.70 < Cronbach’s alpha values < 0.85) and the present study (0.78 < Cronbach’s alpha values < 0.86). ResultsThe structural equation model fit results showed that the research model had a desirable overall fit. Figure 1 presents the structural research model. Figure 1Structural Research Model Table 1 Direct and Indirect Path CoefficientsPathBSESEabBPZVirtues à Psychological help-seeking stigma- 0.0650.024 - 0.2070.014 Virtues à Self-care0.1360.036 0.2640.001 Psychological help-seeking stigma à Mental health0.3280.056 0.4210.001 Self-care à Mental health- 0.2520.043 - 0.5350.001 Virtues à Mental health- 0.0140.017 - 0.0550.009 Virtues à Psychological help-seeking stigma à Mental health 0.006-0.087 - 3.52**Virtues à Self-care à Mental health 0.009- 0.141 - 3.78**Analysis of direct and indirect path coefficients (with Baron and Kenny’s method) revealed significant negative relationships between virtues and mental health (β = - 0.055), p < 0,01 and between self-care and mental health (β = - 0.535, p < 0,01,) as well as a significant positive relationship between psychological help-seeking stigma and mental health (β = 0.421, p < 0,01). In addition, psychological help-seeking stigma mediated the relationship between virtues and mental health (β = -0.087, p < 0,01), while self-care mediated the relationship between virtues and mental health (β = - 0.141, p < 0,01).ConclusionThe study aimed to develop a mental health model for counselors and psychologists based on various virtues and considered the mediating role of self-care and psychological help-seeking stigma in the relationship between these factors. Consistent with previous studies, virtues had positive effects on participants’ mental health.Virtues provide mental health professionals with thoughts, feelings, and behaviors that help them overcome their typical life stressors (Darewych et al., 2020). Virtues also help professionals to prevent various psychological harms by strengthening their true selves (Jiang et al., 2021).In line with similar studies, virtues influenced mental health through the mediating role of self-care. This is because virtues serve as a shield against the effects of negative perfectionism and self-criticism, helping professionals balance attention to self and clients (Ko & Minlee, 2021). In addition, self-care has also been associated with developmental competencies and focus on more positive aspects of life (Zhang et al., 2021). Finally, consistent with previous studies, the results showed that virtues influenced mental health by mediating psychological help-seeking stigma. In addition, virtues positively affected mental health by facilitating reappraisal, explanation, and interpretation of self-disclosure problems, preventing the formation of shame (Turner et al., 2021), developing openness to experience, and aligning the real self with the ideal self (Azanedo et al., 2021).The use of convenience sampling was the most important limitation of the study. Researchers are suggested to design interventions based on the variables of virtues, self-care, and psychological help-seeking stigma to promote the mental health of counselors and psychologists. Ethical ConsiderationsCompliance with Ethical Guidelines: The study was derived from the corresponding author’s Ph.D. thesis at Islamic Azad University, Saveh Branch (ethics code: IR.IAU. ARAK. REC. 1401.082). Authors’ ContributionsAll authors contributed to the preparation of the final manuscript. The first and second authors contributed to the “drafting” and “editing” of the manuscript, respectively. On the other hand, the third and fourth authors completed the “discussion and conclusion” and “methodology” sections, respectively.Conflict of Interest: The authors report no conflict of interest.Funding: The authors conducted the research without financial support.Acknowledgments: The authors would like to express their gratitude to all the people who participated in the research
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