بررسی مسئولیت مدنی اشخاص آلوده کننده محیط زیست (مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
درجه علمی: نشریه علمی (وزارت علوم)
آرشیو
چکیده
ﻋﺪم ﺗﻌﺎدل ﻣﺤﯿﻂ زﯾﺴﺖ، ﺑ ﻪ ﺳ ﺒﺐ،ﺗﺨﺮﯾﺐ ﺻ ﻨﻌﺘﯽ ﻃﺒﯿﻌﺖ، آﻟﻮده ﺷﺪن ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ از ﺟﻤﻠﻪ آب، ﺧﺎک و ﻫﻮا را ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. وﺟﻮد ﯾﮏ ﮐﺮه ﺧﺎﮐﯽ ﻣﺸﺘﺮک ﺑﯿﻦ ﻣﺮدم ﺟﻬﺎن، ﻋﻼﯾﻖ ﻣﺸﺘﺮﮐﯽ را ﺑﺮای اﻧﺴﺎﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﻮﺟﻮد آورده اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﻣﯽﺑﺎﯾﺴﺖ ﻫﺮ روز ﺑﻪ ﻫﻤﺎﻫﻨﮕﯽ ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮ در اﯾﻦ زﻣﯿﻨﻪ ﻧﺎﯾﻞ آﯾﻨﺪ. ﯾﮑﯽ از آن ﻫﻤﺎﻫﻨﮕﯽ ﻫﺎ، ﻫﻢ آواﯾﯽ در ﻣﺒﻨﺎی ﻣﺴﺌﻮﻟﯿﺖ ﻣﺪﻧﯽ ﻧﺎﺷﯽ از اﯾﺮاد ﺧﺴﺎرات ﺑﺮ ﻣﺤﯿﻂ زﯾﺴﺖ اﺳﺖ، ﮐﻪ واﺟﺪ ﻓﻮاﯾﺪ ﻧﻈﺮی و ﻋﻤﻠﯽ ﻋﺪﯾﺪه ای ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﮐﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺧﻮﺑﯽ در رواﺑﻂ ﻣﻮﺟﻮد ﻣﯿﺎن ﻣﺤﯿﻂ زﯾﺴﺖ و اﺳﺘﻘﺮار و ﺗﺪاوم ﺣﯿﺎت ﺑﺸﺮی ﺑﺎزﻧﻤﺎﯾﯽ ﻣﯽﮐﻨﺪ و ﺑﺮ آن ﻫﺴﺘﯿﻢ ﮐﻪ ﻣﺴﺌﻮﻟﯿﺖ ﻣﺪﻧﯽ ﻧﺎﺷﯽ از اﯾ ﺮاد ﺧﺴﺎرات ﺑﺮ ﻣﺤﯿﻂ زﯾﺴﺖ را از ﻣﻨﻈﺮ ﻓﻘﻪ و ﺣﻘﻮق داﺧﻠﯽ ﻣﻮرد ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﻗﺮار دﻫﯿﻢ. ﻣﻮﺿﻮع ﺣﻤﺎﯾﺖ از ﻣﺤﯿﻂ زﯾﺴ ﺖ در ﺟﻬ ﺖ ﻣﻨ ﺎﻓﻊ ﺑﺸﺮی و از ﺑﯿﻦ ﺑﺮدن آﺛﺎر ﻣﺨﺮب ﻓﻌﺎﻟﯿﺘﻬﺎی ﺻﻨﻌﺘﯽ ﺗﺒﺪﯾﻞ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺴﺄﻟﻪ ای ﺟﺪی در ﺟﻬﺎن ﻣﻌﺎﺻﺮ ﮔﺮدﯾﺪه اﺳﺖ و ﺑﺸﺮﯾﺖ را ﻣ ﻮرد ﺗﻬﺪﯾ ﺪ ﻗﺮار داده اﺳﺖ. ﺑﺮای ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻠﻪ ﺑﺎ اﯾﻦ ﺗﻬﺪﯾﺪ ﻧﯿﺎز ﺑﻪ اﻗﺪاﻣﯽ ﻗﺎﻃﻊ از ﻃﺮﯾﻖ اﺗﺨﺎذ ﺗﺪاﺑﯿﺮ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ دارد. روﯾ ﻪ ﻋﻤﻠ ﯽ ﻣﺤ ﺎﮐﻢ اﯾ ﺮان ﺑﺮاﺳ ﺎس ﻣﺴﺌﻮﻟﯿﺖ ﻣﺒﺘﻨﯽ ﺑﺮ ﺗﻘﺼﯿﺮ اﺳﺖ و آﻧﭽﻨﺎن ﮐﻪ ﺷﺎﯾﺴﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ ﭘﺎﺳﺨﮕﻮی اﯾﻦ ﻫﻤﻪ آﻟﻮدﮔﯽ و ﺗﺨﺮﯾ ﺐ و ﺟﺒ ﺮان ﺧﺴ ﺎرت وارد ﺑ ﺮ ﻣﺤ ﯿﻂ زﯾﺴﺖ ﻧﻤﯽ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻟﺬا ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻟﺰوم ﺟﺒﺮان ﺧﺴﺎرات وارده ﺑﺮ ﻣﺤﯿﻂ زﯾﺴﺖ و ﻣﺴﺌﻮﻟﯿﺖ ﻣﺪﻧﯽ ﻧﺎﺷﯽ از آن، ﮐﻪ از ﺟﺎﯾﮕﺎه وﯾ ﮋه ای در ﻋﻠﻢ ﺣﻘﻮق ﺑﺮﺧﻮردار اﺳﺖ.Investigating the civil liability of people who pollute the environment
The imbalance of the environment, due to the industrial destruction of nature, has caused the pollution of resources including water, soil and air. The existence of a common earth among the people of the world has created common interests for humans, which should achieve more coordination in this field every day. One of those coordinations is the coordination on the basis of civil liability caused by causing damages to the environment, which has many theoretical and practical benefits that are good in the existing relationship between the environment and the stability and continuity of human life. It shows and on it We want to examine the civil liability caused by environmental damage from the point of view of jurisprudence and domestic law. The topic of protecting the environment for human benefits and eliminating the destructive effects of industrial activities has become a serious issue in the modern world and has threatened humanity. To deal with this threat, it needs a decisive action by taking appropriate measures. The practical procedure of the courts of Iran is based on the responsibility based on fault, and as it should be, it is not responsible for all this pollution and destruction and compensation for the damage to the environment, so considering the need for special compensation. environmental damage and civil liability arising from it, which It has a special place in the science of law.
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