تحولات سبک زندگی روستاییان شهرک روستایی گلخانی (شهرستان نیمروز/استان سیستان و بلوچستان) (مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
درجه علمی: نشریه علمی (وزارت علوم)
آرشیو
چکیده
فرآیند نوسازی از چند دهه پیش برای تغییر سبک ندگی کشورهای جهان سوم از سوی اندیشمندان غربی ارائه شده است؛ امروزه اثرات نوسازی در جوامع روستایی کشورهای جهان سوم بیشتر از جوامع شهری قابل مشاهده است. هدف این پژوهش تحلیل پیامدهای تغییر سبک زندگی روستائیان در اثر مدرنیته و نوسازی در شهرک روستایی گلخانی است. این پژوهش از نظر هدف کاربردی و از نظر شیوه اجرا توصیفی- تحلیلی است. جامعه آماری پژوهش را خانوارهای ساکن در شهرک روستایی گلخانی که براساس سرشماری 1395 تعداد 2064 نفر بوده اند، است که با استفاده از فرمول کوکران حجم نمونه ای به تعداد 324 نفر به صورت تصادفی ساده انتخاب شد. برای تجزیه و تحلیل یافته های پژوهش از آزمون تحلیل رگرسیون، تحلیل مسیر و آزمون تی تست استفاده شده است. نتایج تحلیل رگرسیون نشان می دهد اثرات نوسازی بر سبک زندگی در متغیر فرهنگی بیشترین تاثیر بر متغیر کاهش اعتقادات با مقدار بتای 336/0 داشته است؛ و کمترین تاثیر بر متغیر مدگرایی با مقدار بتای 267/0 داشته است. درمتغیر اقتصادی بیشترین تاثیر بر متغیر درآمد زایی با مقدار بتای 357/0 داشته است و کمترین تاثیر بر متغیر عدم کمک مالی به دیگران با مقدار بتای 216/0 داشته است. در متغیر اجتماعی بیشترین تاثیر نوسازی برمتغیر تغییر رفتار با مقدار بتای 366/0 بوده است و کمترین تاثیر برمتغیر تغییر در تعصب به خانواده و زادگاه با مقدار بتای 145/0 بوده است. نتایج تحلیل مسیر نشان می دهد که متغیر اجتماعی با اثر کلی 640/0 بیشترین اثر و متغیر روانی با اثر کلی 177/0 کمترین اثر را بر سبک زندگی روستاییان گذاشته است. همچنین نتایج آزمون تی تست نشان داد بیشترین میانگین متعلق به شاخص مصرف رسانه ای با میانگین 344/3 است و کمترین میانگین متعلق به شاخص همدردی و همدلی با میانگین 787/2 است.Changes in the lifestyle of villagers in the rural town of Golkhani (Nimroz Township/Sistan and Baluchestan Province)
IntroductionLifestyle styles include a set of attitudes, behaviors, modes, and tastes in everything. The villages of Iran have been exposed to some of the technological achievements of the modern world, due to the relatively convenient communication facilities, in a period of their socio-cultural transformation, which brought about a fairly broad movement from their lifestyle to the new lifestyle of experience they do. This movement and change can be the result of many factors, the most important of which are the introduction of modern facilities, and in the first place, they have access to communication infrastructures. Golkhani Town is a rural settlement in Saberi District of Nimroz Township in Sistan and Baluchestan province. The village is located in the County of Qa'emabad and according to the 2016 census, its population (501 households) is 2, 064 people. In recent years, the villagers have changed their lifestyle of the villagers from communication facilities such as television, satellite, Internet, cars, home appliances, and many other modern-day blessings. These changes have brought about a transformation of economic, political, social, and cultural diversity in this rural settlement. Therefore, the present research, concerning financial capacity and human resources, attempts to explain the effects of modernity on changing the lifestyle of rural households in this rural settlement. MethodologyThe present research is a descriptive-analytical method in terms of applied purpose. Two methods of library and field studies have been used to collect information. In the Field Studies section, according to the subject, the information needed to test the hypotheses through objective and subjective data, questionnaires, and observations were used. The statistical population of the study is all residents of Golkhani Town, which includes 2064 people. The sampling method is based on the Cochran formula and the number of samples is 324. Sampling was done by simple random method. To investigate the validity of the questionnaire, experts', experts', and experts' opinions were used and the questionnaire was approved. To obtain the reliability of the questionnaire, Cornbrash’s alpha has been used. The obtained alpha value was equal to 0.78, indicating that it had sufficient validity to examine questions and variables. The instrument of measurement in this research is a questionnaire (construction researcher). After collecting and categorizing data, descriptive statistics and inferential statistics were used to analyze the data using SPSS software. Chi-square, regression fit, linear regression, path analysis, and Fisher's statistics were used to analyze the data. Results and Discussion Based on the findings; The age status of the respondents was grouped into five groups: less than 30 years, 30 to 40 years, 40 to 50 years, 50 to 60 years, and over 60 years. The age group above 60 years has the lowest frequency with 26 people and 8%. Also, the age group of 30 to 40 years has the highest frequency with the frequency of 95 people and 29%. The maximum frequency is related to the free occupational group with the frequency of 133 people and the frequency percentage is 41%, and the minimum occupational group is related to the administrative and service group with the frequency of 25 people and the frequency percentage is 8%. The results of the research show that modernization and modernity had the greatest impact on the motivation to progress with an average of 4.566 and the least impact on the fatalism index with an average of 3.188. Also, the influence of modernization and modernity on the index of the modern model is equal to 4.122, globalism index 3.604, family orientation index 3.277, political efficiency index 3.733, index of having modern human characteristics 4.334, sympathy and empathy index 223 4/4, equality and egalitarianism index was 4.276 and media consumption index was 4.356. The effects of modernization on the social lifestyle in the Village Town of Golkhani have been significant. These modernization effects on Golkhani Town caused behavioral changes, changes in people's eating patterns and tastes, more use of new technologies, changes in people's clothes and clothing, especially the young people of the village and educated people, and changes in the way of thinking and thinking. The villagers' attitude towards life has reduced the relations and interactions between the villagers, the reduction of ethnic and tribal prejudices, and even the hometown bias, the reduction of the participation of the villagers in cultural and religious ceremonies, the significant increase in the use of social networks and the change in the beliefs and opinions of the people. All of which shows the effects of modernization and modernity on the social lifestyle of the people of Golkhani Town. ConclusionBased on field findings and interviews with residents, various changes have been made in the study area; changes in the pattern of housing construction from rural to urban style, the changing of the language of elementary students from Persian to Scythian folk, change in clothing more than 30% of the village population Reducing the number of local indigenous games among young people, reducing the number of traffic jams and expelling family and clan elders, and turning people into several jobs simultaneously and abandoning agriculture. The results of the study showed that modernization has more effects on lifestyle in the cultural dimension and the findings of the research are consistent with the results of other researchers who believe that the impact of cultural factors on rural lifestyle is more than other components in the study area. In this way, societal, cultural, and economic factors can relate to relatively 45% of lifestyle changes in rural areas. Also, the amount of social and cultural changes in the life of the studied villages is much higher than the changes in the production sector, and with the increase of lifestyle changes, the quality of life has decreased. FundingThere is no funding support. Authors’ ContributionAll of the authors approved the content of the manuscript and agreed on all aspects of the work. Conflict of InterestAuthors declared no conflict of interest. AcknowledgmentsWe are grateful to all the scientific consultants of this paper.
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