شناسایی، مقایسه و ارزیابی مطلوبیت شاخصهای اجتماعی در بافتهای فرسوده و ناکارآمد شهری (مورد مطالعه: محله های علوی، نهضت آباد و فاطمیه در کلانشهر اهواز) (مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
درجه علمی: نشریه علمی (وزارت علوم)
آرشیو
چکیده
سیستم پوی ای شهر پیوسته در ح ال تغییر و تحول است و در این می ان، با گ ذشت زمان مشکلاتی مانند مسائل اجتماعی و ... چهره برخی نقاط شهر را دگرگون کرده است و رنگ و بویی متفاوت از گذشته را که نشانه هایی از افول و زوال را در بر دارد، بر آنها نشانده است. مسئله ای که امروزه با آن روبه رو هستیم، شناسایی اینگونه بافت های شهری است که از چرخه متصل با شهر خارج و تبدیل به بافت هایی نا کارآمد شده است؛ بنابراین شناسایی شاخص ها باید به گونه ای تنظیم شوند که با ارائه میزانی برای سنجش، ابهام های ممکن را به حداقل رسانند. هدف از پژوهش حاضر بررسی شاخص های معرفی شده برای شناسایی بافت های نا کارآمد و تدوین شاخص هایی قابل استفاده (حس تعلق اجتماعی، انسجام اجتماعی، همیاری اجتماعی، امنیت اجتماعی و اعتماد اجتماعی) برای انواع بافت های ناکارآمد در راستای جبران نقصان های موجود در شناسه های به کار رفته در سه محله علوی، نهضت آباد و فاطمیه در کلانشهر اهواز است. نوع پژوهش کاربردی و روش تحقیق، پیمایشی با تأکید بر پرسشنامه است. جامعه آماری شهروندان ساکن سه محله و حجم نمونه برحسب فرمول کوکران 377 نفر است. برای بررسی نرمال بودن توزیع داده ها از آزمون کلموگروف-اسمینروف و نیز برای بررسی وضعیت متغیرهای پژوهش از آزمون علامت استفاده شده است. همچنین، وزن دهی متغیرها با مدل آنتروپی شانون و رتبه بندی محله ها نیز با استفاده از تکنیک ماباک انجام شده است. یافته های پژوهش حاصل از نتایج آزمون علامت نشان می دهد که محله فاطمیه با میانگین ضریب تأثیر 02/3 در مجموعِ پنج مؤلفه انتخابی پژوهش به نسبت دو محله دیگر بیشتر بوده است. همچنین، نتایج حاصل از رتبه بندی مؤلفه های اجتماعی انتخاب شده پژوهش در محله های سه گانه با استفاده از تکنیک ماباک نشان می دهد که محله فاطمیه با مقدار Si (مقدار تأثیر گذاری مؤلفه و شاخص ها) 221/0 در رتبه اول و به ترتیب محله نهضت آباد با 127/0 و محله علوی با 187/0- در رتبه های دوم و سوم قرار گرفته است.Identifying, Comparing, and Evaluating the Desirability of Social Indicators in Distressed and Inefficient Urban Areas (Case Study: Neighborhoods of Alavi, Fatemiyeh, and Nehzat Abad in Ahvaz Metropolitan)
Dynamic urban systems undergo constant change and as a result, certain areas of a city acquire a different appearance over time, bearing the marks of decline and decay. The present challenge lies in identifying these disconnected urban areas that have become inefficient. Therefore, the design of indicators for identification purposes should aim to minimize potential ambiguities by providing a robust assessment measure. This article primarily focused on investigating the introduced indicators for identifying different types of inefficient areas in the neighborhoods of Alavi, Nahzat Abad, and Fatemiyeh in Ahvaz Metropolis and developing applicable indicators (social belonging, social cohesion, social cooperation, social security, and social trust) for them. This research adopted an applied approach and employed a survey research method with a particular emphasis on questionnaires. The statistical population comprised residents of the three mentioned neighborhoods and the sample size was determined to be 377 individuals according to the Cochran formula. The Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was utilized to examine the normality of data distribution, while the sign test was employed to assess the status of research variables. Furthermore, the variables were weighted using the Shannon entropy model and the neighborhoods were ranked using the MABAK technique. The findings derived from the results of the sign test indicated that the neighborhood of Fatemiyeh exhibited a higher average impact coefficient of 0.23 across the five selected research components compared to the other two neighborhoods. Additionally, the results of ranking the selected social components in the three neighborhoods using the MABAK technique revealed that Fatemiyeh Neighborhood secured the top position with an Si value (component and indicator impact value) of 0.221 followed by Nahzat Abad Neighborhood with 0.127 and Alavi Neighborhood with 0.187 ranking second and third, respectively. Keywords: Social Indicators, Distressed and Inefficient Areas, MABAK Technique, Urban Neighborhoods, Ahvaz Metropolitan. IntroductionOne of the primary challenges in contemporary cities is the presence of distressed and inefficient urban areas, where insufficient attention is given to the concept of social issues or factors as vital components of vibrant neighborhoods. In many major cities, the traditional systems of communication and interaction have undergone significant transformations, resulting in a concerning decline in social connections among residents. Over the past three decades, the evolution of urban regeneration approaches has shifted from a focus on physical aspects to the recognition of social, economic, and cultural considerations, giving rise to community-based urban regeneration. This approach places emphasis on social interaction and recognizes the pivotal role of social groups. Furthermore, based on the outcomes of urban regeneration initiatives worldwide, it is evident that citizen trust and participation as essential elements for successful regeneration projects do not occur spontaneously but necessitate the involvement of various factors. This is where social issues can play a crucial role by actively engaging in the process of regeneration. Materials & MethodsThe methodology employed in this study was practical in nature with the primary objective being to utilize the survey research method, emphasizing the use of questionnaires. The analytical component of the research involved conducting a survey in the form of a questionnaire, which was administered to 377 residents from the three neighborhoods under investigation, utilizing a simple random sampling technique. To establish the validity of the questionnaire, the Delphi method was employed, involving a panel of experts and university professors, who provided their insights and recommendations, thus leading to necessary revisions of the questionnaire items. This process ensured that the questionnaire effectively measured the intended variables of the research. Reliability was assessed using Cronbach's alpha coefficient, which yielded a value of approximately 0.82, indicating satisfactory internal consistency. Descriptive and inferential statistics were employed to analyze the collected data. The data obtained from the questionnaire were processed using SPSS software, employing a multi-criteria questionnaire based on a 5-point Likert scale to evaluate 5 indicators and 36 variables pertaining to the level of citizen satisfaction within the studied neighborhoods, ranging from very high to very low values. To assess the normality of data distribution, the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was utilized, while the sign test was employed to examine the status of the research variables. Additionally, variable weighting was conducted using the Shannon entropy model and ranking of the neighborhoods was determined using the MABAK technique. Research FindingsAhvaz Metropolis, spanning an area of 31,800 hectares, stands as the third-largest city in the country and encompasses multiple distressed areas across its eight urban districts. Within the metropolis, approximately 30 to 35% of the city's total area falls within legal limits and is classified as distressed areas or unauthorized settlements. Among the 124 neighborhoods in Ahvaz, more than 12 neighborhoods can be classified as distressed urban areas. In this study, 5 indicators (social belonging, social cohesion, social support, social security, and social trust) and 36 variables were selected to assess the performance of social factors within the three studied neighborhoods: Alavi, Nehzat Abad, and Fatemiyeh. These indicators were chosen based on previous research findings. The study aimed to address the issue of citizen trust and participation, which have been recognized as crucial factors for the success of urban regeneration projects worldwide. Such trust and participation do not arise spontaneously but require the involvement of multiple factors, including the aforementioned social issues (sense of social belonging, social cohesion, social security), which play a significant role in the process of regeneration. Discussion of Results & ConclusionWith a deep understanding of the fifty-year history of government intervention in inefficient urban structures, contemporary approaches to urban intervention are now focused on adopting modern and diverse methods. It is evident that the failure of Iran's urban plans, particularly those aimed at rehabilitating distressed areas, can be attributed to the lack of attention given to social factors both in the past and present. The overall findings from the sign test indicated that Fatemiyeh Neighborhood with an average score of 3.02 exhibited a more favorable situation compared to the other two neighborhoods in terms of the research variables. Furthermore, the results obtained from the MABAK technique revealed that Fatemiyeh Neighborhood secured the top rank with an Si value (values dependent on the criteria of the options) of 0.221, while the neighborhoods of Nehzat Abad and Alavi respectively ranked second and third with Si values of 0.127 and -0.187 based on the five selected research indicators. One noteworthy aspect of this study, in comparison to previous research, was the recognition that bringing about improvements and modifications in the research variables within each of the studied neighborhoods, such as social and individual behaviors of residents, social relations among neighbors, social security, availability of service facilities, residents' cooperation and participation, trust and belief of neighborhood residents in each other and the government, and the interaction of service institutions with neighborhood residents, posed significant challenges. These challenges were rooted in the social conditions of these neighborhoods, which encompassed diverse ethnicities, low literacy rates, low-income classes, inadequate security measures, inadequate education, and high birth rates. Over the past few decades, these neighborhoods have developed specific social and cultural characteristics, leading to a resistance towards any form of change.
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